Catholic News

Bishop Alexis Shirahama of Hiroshima, Japan, has opened a 75-hour vigil for peace marking the 81st anniversary of the atomic bombing of the city.

The event involves a prayer relay linking Hiroshima to Nagasaki, Rome, and New York.

The Diocese of Hiroshima offered a Mass for the victims of the bomb and all war dead at 8 a.m. Thursday local time at the World Peace Memorial Cathedral in the city's Noboricho district, the hour the diocese gathers each year, minutes after the 1945 blast.

The vigil, organized with the Community of Sant'Egidio — the Rome-based lay movement known for its peace diplomacy — runs until exactly 11:02 a.m. on Sunday, the very minute the second atomic bomb struck Nagasaki, according to the diocese.

The Focolare Movement, parishioners, and volunteers are taking part. Sant'Egidio has kept the vigil annually since 2022.

The day, Aug. 6, is also the feast of the Transfiguration.

The Japanese prelate and the Sant'Egidio president, Marco Impagliazzo, issued a joint message to link the commemoration with the call for the common good as set out in Pope Leo's first encyclical, Magnifica Humanitas.

In the message, Shirahama and Impagliazzo reflected on the American pontiff's words, calling the vigil a way to receive the peace of the risen Christ, "a disarming, humble, and persevering peace" — the phrase Leo used from the loggia of St. Peter's Basilica minutes after his election in May 2025.

Three chapels are open to the public for this event: the crypt of the cathedral in Hiroshima, the Chapel of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary in New York, and the Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere in Rome.

The prayer is livestreamed, and organizers are reading aloud intentions sent in from around the world.

An observance dating back to St. John Paul II

Thursday also marks the beginning of the annual "Ten Days for Peace" for Japanese Catholics, an event of prayer and penance running from the day of the Hiroshima bombing to the date of Japan's surrender on Aug. 15.

The bishops began the observance after Pope John Paul II came to Hiroshima in 1981 and issued his Appeal for Peace, telling the world that to remember the city is to repudiate nuclear war.

Pope Benedict XVI, in his 2006 World Day of Peace message, called reliance on nuclear arms "not only baneful but also completely fallacious," warning that in a nuclear war there would be "no victors, only victims."

Pope Leo, in a foreword published in July, called for the elimination of nuclear weapons outright.

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Pope Leo XIV has replaced the Vatican constitution promulgated by Pope Francis, eliminating a reference to the "munus petrinum," or Petrine office, as the basis of the pope's authority over Vatican City State.

The new Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, promulgated by Pope Leo and already in effect, represents considerably more than an update to the legal framework approved by Pope Francis in 2023.

Unlike the previous law, the new text makes a significant change to the way the foundation of the pontiff's authority over the Vatican city-state is understood.

The constitution promulgated by Pope Francis stated that the pope exercised sovereign powers over Vatican City "by virtue of the Petrine office," an expression referring to his sacred mission as the successor of St. Peter to guide, safeguard, and maintain the unity of the Church.

In practice, the formulation linked the pope's temporal authority to his status as the successor of the apostle to whom Christ entrusted the keys of the Church.

"Francis introduced an anomaly that asserted that his powers as head of state derived from being the successor of Peter," historian of Christianity Giovanni Maria Vian told ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News.

Vian, a former editor of the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano and a professor of patristic philology at Rome's Sapienza University, said the formulation represented a completely unprecedented innovation.

"It made his authority over Vatican City State derive directly from his status as Peter's successor," he said. "It was a theocratic arrangement without precedent in the very long history of the Apostolic See."

Vian said Pope Leo, who is trained in both civil and canon law, appears to have decided to correct that innovation and return to the approach followed by the two previous Vatican constitutions, promulgated in 1929 and 2000.

"That assertion was neither adequate, correct, nor precise from a theological and historical point of view. That is why it was removed," said Father Roberto Regoli, an expert in ecclesiastical history and diplomacy from the 19th to the 21st centuries and president of the Joseph Ratzinger-Benedict XVI Vatican Foundation.

"This omission is very important because the concept was unnecessary and, moreover, inappropriate," he said.

4 constitutions for Vatican City State

The new law, dated July 31, completely replaces the constitution promulgated by Pope Francis on May 13, 2023. It is the fourth Fundamental Law in the history of Vatican City State.

The first was promulgated by Pope Pius XI on June 7, 1929, a few months after the signing of the Lateran Pacts and the creation of the new state. The law was drafted by Jewish jurist Federico Cammeo.

The second was the reform approved by St. John Paul II in 2000. The third was promulgated by Pope Francis in 2023.

Now, just three years later, Pope Leo has approved the Vatican's fourth constitution.

The most significant change is found in the preamble. The new text recalls that Vatican City State was created through the Lateran Treaty to guarantee the Holy See absolute and visible independence and to ensure its sovereignty in the international sphere.

According to Vian, the difference between the two constitutions is substantial.

"One cannot maintain that Peter possessed temporal power or that his successors received it directly from him," he said.

The historian noted that the temporal power of the popes emerged centuries after the apostolic era.

"That did not occur until the beginning of the Middle Ages," he said. "The Papal States began to take shape around the middle of the eighth century."

From that perspective, Vian said the formulation introduced by Pope Francis was historically difficult to sustain.

"It was probably the result of a mentality connected to his Jesuit background, obedience to the pope, and also the legal advice he received," he said. "But from a historical and ecclesiological point of view, it was an anomaly."

Regoli likewise said Pope Leo has restored the traditional formulation.

"Temporal power is at the service of spiritual power, nothing more," he said. "Temporal power cannot be divinized or placed on the same level as spiritual ministry."

A more traditional understanding of the Petrine ministry

Both experts said Pope Leo's decision reflects a more traditional understanding of the Petrine ministry.

"He understands it in continuity with the tradition of his predecessors," Vian said.

The Italian historian noted that the popes' temporal power developed between the eighth and 19th centuries, over the course of more than a millennium, without deriving directly from the apostolic primacy of St. Peter.

Vian also said it was necessary to place the creation of Vatican City State in its historical context.

Following the French Revolution, the Papal States were abolished on several occasions: in 1798, with the establishment of the French-backed First Roman Republic; in 1809, during the Napoleonic occupation; in 1849, with the Second Roman Republic; and finally in 1870, when Italian troops took Rome and brought the temporal power of the popes to an end.

The events opened what became known as the "Roman Question." For nearly 60 years, the pontiffs refused to recognize the new situation created by the Italian state. As a gesture of protest, they ceased appearing at the central loggia of St. Peter's Basilica to impart public blessings.

The crisis was resolved in 1929 with the signing of the Lateran Pacts between the Holy See and the Kingdom of Italy. The agreements included an international treaty, a financial convention, and a concordat.

The treaty created Vatican City State as a sovereign territory intended to guarantee the independence of the Holy See.

The new constitution preserves the traditional principle that the pope possesses the fullness of power within Vatican City State.

Article 1 states: "The Supreme Pontiff, sovereign of Vatican City State, possesses the fullness of governing authority, which includes legislative, executive, and judicial power."

The wording is nearly identical to that used by Pope Pius XI in 1929.

A new legal framework

Another significant change introduced by Pope Leo provides a legal basis for a situation that arose during Pope Francis' pontificate.

The new Fundamental Law incorporates a November 2025 motu proprio allowing the presidency of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State to be held by someone other than a cardinal.

The reform addresses the case of Sister Raffaella Petrini, whom Pope Francis appointed to lead the Governorate of Vatican City State even though the legislation then in force stipulated that the position was to be held by a cardinal.

The appointment prompted criticism because of the discrepancy between the law and the institutional reality.

According to Regoli, the new constitution formalizes a correction Pope Leo had already introduced in 2025.

"The previous constitution established that the president had to be a cardinal; however, the president was Sister Petrini," he said. "There was therefore an inconsistency between the law and reality. The pope intervened in 2025, and now, with the new 2026 constitution, that change has been fully incorporated into the legislation."

The legal change means that "in addition to Sister Petrini, any other woman or man, including a layperson, may hold that office," Regoli said.

"This is because Vatican City State, since it is not directly connected to theological or sacramental matters, does not necessarily require its governor to be a cardinal, bishop, or cleric," he explained.

Membership in the College of Cardinals is therefore not an indispensable requirement, he said, because the position is not connected to the sacrament of holy orders.

The new Fundamental Law not only returns the Vatican constitution to the legal tradition of 1929 and 2000 but also regularizes several institutional reforms introduced in recent years.

Both experts agreed, however, that the most important change remains the redefinition of the origin of the pope's temporal authority, an issue they consider essential to understanding the nature of the world's smallest state.

"Pope Leo XIV has repaired an unprecedented break and returned to the original spirit in which Vatican City State was created," Vian concluded.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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Pope Leo XIV's image features for the first time in a new set of commemorative euro coins for Vatican City.

As announced by the Vatican City State Governorate on July 30, these coins are part of a new Vatican euro collector coin set honoring the new pontificate. This also marks the first time since 2014 that the papal image has appeared on the coins, following Pope Francis' personal request that his face not be used.

Except for the 5-euro coin, the Vatican coins can be used to buy things in the 21 European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their common currency.

A unique design in the history of Vatican coin-making

Although these new coins with Leo are not the first to feature the pope's face, they are part of an entirely unique design.

Leo's coat of arms appears on the 1-cent, 2-cent, and 5-cent euro coins, while his face appears on the larger denominations.

The pope's image has appeared on minted coins since the Middle Ages, when pontiffs held temporal power over the Papal States. Shortly after the establishment of Vatican City in 1929, the sovereign state issued lira coins (the Italian currency before the euro) bearing the papal image. The Vatican stopped making lira coins after it adopted the euro in 2001.

According to the European Central Bank, the first Vatican coins for the euro were issued in 2002 with the face of St. John Paul II. From 2006–2013, another set of coins was issued with the face of Pope Benedict XVI.

The coins featuring Francis in 2014 were the last until Leo to feature the pope's face.

Francis' refusal to be depicted on Vatican coins

For the 2017 issue of Vatican coins, Francis personally requested that his face not be used. Instead, they featured his coat of arms.

In a 2017 interview for Radio Vaticana, Mauro Olivieri, the then-director of the Philatelic and Numismatic Office for Vatican City State, explained the difficulties in accommodating his request.

"[Francis] asked that he no longer appear on coins, medals in general — and especially on those issued by his state — and we did everything we could to accommodate him," Olivieri said. "We succeeded, despite some difficulties with the EU authorities, which were later resolved, and so the 2017 coinage features the pope's coat of arms."

The newest Vatican coins can be purchased for 59 euros through the Vatican's Philatelic and Numismatic Office, responsible for its coins and stamps.

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KIGALI, Rwanda — Pope Leo XIV called on Catholic communicators gathered this week in Kigali, Rwanda, to use digital communication platforms available to them to promote the common good, human dignity, truth, and environmental stewardship.

The pope's message was delivered by the apostolic nuncio in Rwanda, Archbishop Arnaldo Sánchez Catalán, during the opening ceremony of the first-ever SIGNIS World Congress to be held in Africa, taking place in Kigali under the theme "Digital Communication for Cultural Harmony and Environmental Well-Being."

In the message, sent through Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin, Pope Leo XIV expressed his spiritual closeness to participants and said he hoped their deliberations would provide "a new impetus" for ensuring that communication platforms serve the common good of the human family.

The pope warned against a communication culture increasingly shaped by algorithms rather than genuine human encounter.

He noted that the digital age has transformed everyday life, emphasizing that online communication goes beyond the transmission of information.

In his encyclical Magnifica Humanitas, Pope Leo XIV observes that digital communication contributes to the creation of culture because it shapes how people perceive the world and consequently influences the collective conscience.

Against this background, the Holy Father encouraged participants to explore communication strategies and tools inspired by the pursuit of truth and respect for human dignity. He said such efforts should contribute to a culture rooted in Gospel values, particularly communion, peace, and environmental stewardship.

Addressing participants through a recorded message, Paolo Ruffini, prefect of the Vatican Dicastery for Communication, warned that technological advances, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), must not come at the expense of human relationships and responsibility.

Ruffini acknowledged the transformative potential of AI but said the central question confronting society is not technological but human: what kind of people humanity chooses to become while using these technologies.

AI, he said, can calculate, organize information, and emulate language, but it cannot replace wisdom born from freedom, personal experience, responsibility, and love.

"We must never allow algorithms to write our story," Ruffini cautioned, stressing that human beings must remain in control of the technologies they create.

He called on communicators to safeguard human voices and faces in an increasingly digital environment, emphasizing that doing so requires cultivating critical thinking, preserving spaces for dialogue, and ensuring that technology remains at the service of the human person.

Ruffini also challenged SIGNIS to strengthen its role as a global network connecting professionals working in journalism, cinema, and communication.

He described communication as a public good that needs to be protected, urging the organization to build alliances with professionals, entrepreneurs, and information engineers committed to creating a better digital communication ecosystem.

According to the prefect, SIGNIS should remain a network of people united by faith rather than becoming merely an ecclesiastical bureaucracy.

He envisioned the organization as a space where relationships of trust can flourish, reliable information can be shared, and projects can be developed to promote a different model of communication.

Such a network, he said, should create room for dialogue amid diversity and disagreement while ensuring that differences do not destroy fraternity.

Ruffini further challenged Catholic communicators to resist a communication model driven primarily by profit or the pursuit of consensus, insisting that the ultimate purpose of communication must remain at the service of truth.

"The future of communication will not ultimately depend on the power of our technologies. It will depend on the strength of our commitment and on the nature of our relationship," he said.

He urged participants to use their faith-based network to build bridges and create meaningful encounters in a world increasingly mediated by digital platforms.

Ruffini called for greater space for human voices and faces in digital communication, encouraging SIGNIS members to help shape a communication ecosystem that places human dignity and relationships at its center.

"The greatest innovation we can still offer our society is not as much a machine but a more human way of communicating," he said.

Participants in the Aug. 3–8 congress are exploring a wide range of topics, including digital communication for communion, religious and cultural praxis in the digital age, artificial intelligence in contemporary media, media literacy, youth engagement, environmental communication, and the role of Catholic communicators in promoting reconciliation and cultural harmony.

Among the African countries represented at the congress are Rwanda (the host country), Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Nigeria, Togo, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Zambia, Ghana, Senegal, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan, Burkina Faso, Benin, South Africa, and Mozambique.

This story was first published by ACI Africa, the sister service of EWTN News in Africa, and has been adapted by EWTN News.

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A subcommittee of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) urged policymakers to protect "fair representation" in elections ahead of the 61st anniversary of President Lyndon B. Johnson signing the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

"The Voting Rights Act of 1965 emerged from the sacrifices and perseverance of countless individuals who worked to secure the fundamental right to vote, particularly for communities of color that had long faced discrimination and exclusion," said Bishop Daniel E. Garcia, chair of the USCCB Subcommittee for the Promotion of Racial Justice and Reconciliation.

The USCCB issued the statement on Aug. 5, one day before the anniversary. The Voting Rights Act was enacted to combat Jim Crow laws that were designed to disenfranchise Black Americans.

"For decades, the U.S. bishops have advocated for the right of eligible citizens to participate fully in public life, including the protection of voting rights," said Garcia, bishop of Austin, Texas. "We encourage all citizens to exercise their right to vote and urge policymakers to safeguard voting rights and promote fair representation for all."

"Today is also an occasion to remember the hard-won history of voting rights in our country, and to recommit to the work which remains," he added.

Garcia also said in his statement that "today, many communities of color worry about how recent developments will impact their fair representation and future participation in the democratic process."

Recent developments could affect fair district maps, equal representation, and long-term participation in elections. One development includes a 2013 Supreme Court decision, which ruled unconstitutional a provision of the Voting Rights Act that required certain states to obtain federal approval to change voting laws if that state had a history of disenfranchising voters.

Another development included a 2020 ruling that upheld Arizona election laws that required voters to cast ballots in their assigned precincts and banned people from submitting another person's ballot (unless that person is a family or household member).

Rulings in 2023 and 2026 addressed racial gerrymandering, which is illegal under the Voting Rights Act. The 2023 ruling found a 2023 Alabama congressional district map to be illegal for not having any Black-majority districts and the 2026 ruling struck down Louisiana maps for relying too much on race in crafting districts.

Although racial gerrymandering is illegal, federal law does not prohibit partisan gerrymandering.

Garcia quoted Pope Leo XIV's encyclical Magnifica Humanitas, saying the bishops "affirm the value of democracy 'insofar as it guarantees the effective participation of citizens' as a reflection of their dignity."

"May we continue to work together for the common good and for a society in which all citizens are able to participate fully and faithfully in our democracy," Garcia said.

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Parishes in the Diocese of Burlington, Vermont, are "not separate legal entities" from the diocese itself and may be included in bankruptcy proceedings related to Church abuse cases, a federal court ruled this week.

Judge Heather Cooper said in a July 28 decision in U.S. Bankruptcy Court that a committee of abuse victims could seek compensation from the reportedly "hundreds of millions of dollars" tied up in diocesan parishes and other assets.

Memorandum of Decision - 7/28/2026

The diocese had argued in part that opening those assets to legal proceedings would require "substantial" litigation "against over 64 defendants" linked to the diocese, though Cooper said that the federal bankruptcy process helps "streamline" such legal disputes.

Attorneys for the diocese also argued that the parishes in general "were built with funds raised by the parishioners" and that their current financial assets "are limited for the specific charitable, religious, and educational purposes" established by the parishes themselves.

The judge said that "more clarity" about the extent of diocesan property "could help the ongoing efforts" to reach a final settlement in the case. The Burlington Diocese filed for bankruptcy in 2024 amid large numbers of abuse lawsuits.

Including parishes directly in legal proceedings is relatively rare in diocesan bankruptcy cases. In most instances, dioceses pursue global settlements with abuse victims without directly involving parish assets.

When a diocese files for bankruptcy it will usually ask the court to halt any litigation against individual parishes, in part because a parish being sued for the actions of a diocesan priest could claim the diocese itself is liable and sue the diocese in turn.

Yet parishes will often be required to contribute to diocesan abuse settlements internally. In 2025, for instance, the Diocese of Buffalo, New York, said its parishes would be required to pay up to 80% of their "unrestricted cash" to help fund a $150 million settlement there.

Parishes in the Diocese of Rockville Centre, New York, meanwhile, were also required to contribute to a settlement trust after the diocese said in 2024 that it would pay $323 million to abuse survivors.

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Thousands of Knights from across the globe gathered for the Knights of Columbus' 144th Supreme Convention focused on the theme "In the One, We Are One," with an emphasis on the virtues of unity and charity.

The Catholic fraternal organization's annual convention is being held Aug. 4–6 in Denver. It includes Masses, prayer services, an awards session recognizing member and council achievements, and a summary of the organization's annual report.

The event, focused on the order's principles of charity, unity, fraternity, and patriotism, opened with Mass celebrated by Archbishop James Golka of Denver along with dozens of bishops, hundreds of priests and deacons, and thousands of Knights and families.

In his homily, Golka shared his personal relationship with the Knights, as he is a fourth-degree Knight, his six brothers are Knights, and his late father was a Knight. In 2021, the year Golka was named bishop of Colorado Springs, his family was named Family of the Year by the Knights of Columbus Nebraska State Council.

"The Knights of Columbus exists to help our men grow in their faith, and they sure did for my dad," Golka said.

"God wants the Knights of Columbus to help him care for his children. God wants the Knights of Columbus to help carry out God's purposes. God wants the Knights of Columbus to live for God and God's purposes, not ours," he said.

"And when we do that, we care for the people of God," he said.

"The Knights of Columbus empowers Catholic men to live their faith and serve their family, parish, community, and country," he said.

"But I think if I step back and look at the Knights of Columbus, along with many other apostolates doing such good work, I think we're all part of a bigger mission. The Knights of Columbus exist because God wants his world back," he said.

In order to further this mission, we must "listen to God" and "beg God for clarity," Golka said.

"He already has a plan for the Knights of Columbus. He has a plan for your council. He has a plan for your marriage and your family. We need to be experts in listening to him so we know what his plan is," he said.

"And brothers and sisters, whenever I look at Jesus to find out his plan, he is never anxious. He is never afraid. He's excited to show us who he is," Golka said.

Supreme Knight presents Knights' annual report

During the convention, Knights and observers also gathered for Supreme Knight Patrick Kelly's presentation of the Knights' report on Aug. 4, which highlighted the Knights' work aiding the most vulnerable, and its growing membership.

"Just as Christ came to serve, we devote our lives to serving others, especially the vulnerable," Kelly said. "All of our charity reflects the love of God. It's a charity that evangelizes."

Kelly's address included a comprehensive summary of the Knights of Columbus' work over the past year, highlighting initiatives that have advanced the mission of the organization's founder, Blessed Michael McGivney.

"We are not just another charitable organization. We are not a social club," Kelly said. "We are a global brotherhood of Catholic leaders and we are united in Jesus Christ. He is the true source of our strength. And as we reflect on our service over the past year, we give all the glory to God."

"Last year, our brother Knights devoted more than 48 million hours to volunteering," Kelly said. "That's 130,000 hours of volunteer service every day. And around the world, we donated more than $200 million. And that's a new record."

Addressing some of the specific efforts, Kelly shared that "California Knights delivered more than 800 wheelchairs to the Philippines last year, and through this program, we're serving refugees fleeing war, soldiers injured in the line of duty, and children with nowhere else to turn."

"We also serve children who need a warm jacket to get through the winter, and our Coats for Kids program is growing faster than ever. Last year, we gave more than 300,000 coats to children in need. That's the most ever," he said.

He also detailed the Knights' work aiding those affected by natural disasters, including the earthquakes in Venezuela in June and those in Jamaica.

Kelly discussed the growing number of men joining the Knights and how the organization is reaching new groups.

"More than 2.2 million men now count themselves as Knights of Columbus, and last year we welcomed more than 105,000 new members. That's the most growth we've had in more than a century since the surge that followed the first world war," he said.

"Last year, 15% of new members who joined in the United States and Canada were Hispanic, and our commitment to Latino communities has never been stronger," he said.

"Father McGivney also wanted to reach young men. The fastest-growing group of Knights is men under the age of 35. And we continue to reach young men during their college years. We now have more than 37,000 college Knights at 320 college councils," he said.

Looking ahead, the Supreme Knight also shared new initiatives by the Knights intended to continue McGivney's mission and further guide the fraternity's members.

"For years, we've heard … from Knights about the need for a retreat for men," Kelly said. The Knights responded by creating "Heart of the Gospel" in collaboration with ACTS XXIX.

"It gives councils everything they need to hold a retreat for the men of the parish," Kelly said. "This retreat will help you grow in your faith so you can witness to others."

To advance Knights' faith, the Knights of Columbus also launched "Cor," a small-group program "to give young men exactly what they are looking for — a community centered in Jesus Christ."

He also announced a new video series, "Encountering the Poor," which is in partnership with Denver-based Christ in the City, to better equip Knights to serve the homeless.

Supreme Knight's Awards Session

To acknowledge the works of the fraternity councils, more than 2,100 Knights and their families also gathered for the Supreme Knight's Awards Session.

Presented by Kelly, the awards recognize individual Knights, councils, assemblies, and jurisdictions throughout the world who have carried out McGivney's mission.

The annual Blessed Michael McGivney Medal went to Father Robert F. Higgins, who serves as the parochial vicar of St. John Neumann Parish in Columbia, South Carolina, the South Carolina Knights of Columbus district friar, and the South Carolina Knights of Columbus state chaplain — a role he has held for 19 years.

Following in the footsteps of McGivney, Higgins is the diocese's first vicar of prisons, ministering in four federal prisons, 24 state prisons, and 48 county jails.

Other winners included a council in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, which won "Faith Program of the Year" for coordinating a pilgrimage to Poland for the more than 45 widows and orphans of Ukrainian men who died defending their country.

Kelly also awarded "Family Program of the Year" to a council in the Philippines, recognizing its work restoring the marriage of 18 couples, who were previously only civilly married or living together unwed. The council worked to bring the couples to full communion with the Church through the sacrament of matrimony.

Kelly honored a council in Carbonear and Labrador, Newfoundland, as the "Community Program of the Year" for aiding 50 firefighters and volunteers during the 2025 Kingston, Newfoundland, wildfire.

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Voters in Missouri overwhelmingly rejected a proposal this week that would have eliminated the state's income tax, a measure the Missouri Catholic bishops had warned could adversely impact the state's poorest residents.

Results from the Missouri Secretary of State's office on Aug. 5 showed 83% of voters rejecting Amendment 5, which if passed would have reduced and eventually eliminated Missouri's income tax while allowing lawmakers to expand sales taxes.

Missouri's four Catholic bishops in July had urged voters to consider "the moral principles that should guide us in pondering any tax proposal." They had warned that the "most vulnerable" of the state's residents could face undue burdens if sales taxes increased there.

The bishops had acknowledged that supporters of the income tax repeal had "a sincere desire to promote the long-term prosperity" of Missouri. But such aims should be "weighed alongside the potential effects on those who are most vulnerable," they said.

The measure had been touted by state Republicans including Gov. Mike Kehoe, a Catholic, who said after the ruling's defeat that the measure's advocates "made the case that Missouri should think boldly about its future, challenge the status quo, and pursue policies that make our state more competitive."

"I remain committed to working with the General Assembly in the years ahead on ways to continue cutting taxes, growing our state's economy, and pursuing conservative policies that help Missouri families keep more of what they earn," the governor said.

Advocates, meanwhile, hailed the defeat of the measure. The Washington, D.C.-based Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy described the measure in a blog post as "a blank check to raise or expand sales taxes," one the group said would "enable enormous income tax cuts for the state's wealthiest households."

Voters who rejected the measure "set a positive example for states around the country, turning away from what would have been one of the most damaging tax policy changes in any state in recent years," the group said.

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Since July 30, the Spanish city of Ceuta has become the epicenter of one of the most significant border crises driven by migratory pressure in recent decades, as at least 70,000 people swam illegally into Spanish territory.

Below are four facts that can help shed light on the scale of the crisis.

1. It is a Spanish territory on the North African coast.

Ceuta is a Spanish city located on the North African coast, at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar. Together with the city of Melilla, it forms the European Union's only land border with Africa and is a point of critical geopolitical importance.

Conquered by Portugal in 1415, it became part of Spain under the 1668 Treaty of Lisbon. Morocco claims that both Ceuta and Melilla belong to its territory, even though both were Spanish outposts before Morocco existed as a nation.

2. It is a multicultural society.

Ceuta has a registered population of over 80,000. The majority are Spanish nationals of diverse backgrounds. In addition to a Catholic majority, some 35,000 people practice Islam, and there are also significant Jewish and Hindu communities.

Most of the city's foreign population, which accounts for 6% of the total, is of Moroccan origin.

Although Spanish is the official language, Hindi, English, Haketia (a North African dialect of Ladino or Judeo-Spanish), and Darija (the Moroccan variety of Arabic) are also commonly spoken.

3. It has been a border crossing for African migration to Europe.

The Ceuta border, like that of Melilla, separates two radically different socioeconomic realities; this disparity is evident in everything from wages to public services, such as education, healthcare, and transportation.

People arrive at this boundary intending to cross it — not only Moroccans but also individuals from across Africa who have traveled thousands of miles, driven largely by the desire for prosperity and peace. During the arduous journey, many fall prey to migrant-smuggling rings or human traffickers.

These movements have reportedly been used as a demographic weapon, a claim recently made by the president of the Spanish Episcopal Conference, Archbishop Luis Argüello.

Additionally, these movements overwhelm support services, such as the city's Temporary Immigrant Stay Center. The facility's capacity of over 500 places is routinely stretched to the breaking point. Prior to the latest surge of people, the center was already serving 200 individuals beyond its capacity, while another 500 were waiting nearby for assistance.

4. There have been tensions between Morocco and Spain.

Ceuta and Melilla have been at the epicenter of diplomatic tensions between Morocco and Spain for decades, with Morocco's ambition to annex the former Spanish colony of Western Sahara serving as the backdrop.

In recent years, there has been a significant shift in the Spanish government's stance on this issue.

In April 2021, Spain admitted Sahrawi leader Brahim Ghali for COVID-19 treatment, triggering a diplomatic crisis with Morocco that culminated in a surge of migration into Ceuta in May of that year, with over 10,000 people entering the city. Many of them were children.

In an unexpected move that departed from the diplomatic stance Spain had maintained for decades, in March 2022 it was revealed that the Spanish government, in a letter sent to King Mohammed, supported Morocco's claims regarding Western Sahara.

Then, in May 2022, the Spanish government publicly acknowledged that Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez's phone had been intercepted between May 19 and May 31, 2021 — right in the midst of the diplomatic crisis with Morocco. This sequence of events could explain why the Spanish government has chosen to keep a low profile regarding Morocco following the arrival of more than 70,000 people in Ceuta within the span of a few hours last week.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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Archbishop Paul Coakley, president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB), reflected on "the virtue of patriotism" at the opening dinner for the Knights of Columbus Supreme Convention in Denver.

In the address, Coakley drew a clear distinction between authentic patriotism and distorted nationalism, emphasizing that true love of country must be rooted in virtue. "Patriotism is not first and foremost a political virtue; it's a religious one," he said at the Aug. 4 dinner, which opened the 144th Knights' convention at the Gaylord Rockies Resort and Convention Center.

The archbishop of Oklahoma City, a fourth-degree member of the Knights of Columbus, said patriotism naturally "flows from the Fourth Commandment," which commands honor toward one's mother and one's father. He said "it can rightly be understood as a form of familial love extended outward."

Coakley cited St. Thomas Aquinas' writings on piety from the "Summa Theologica," in which the theologian explained the duties that one has for his or her nation, comparing them to the duties owed to one's parents.

"The principles of our being and government are our parents and our country that have given us birth and nourishment," Coakley quoted from the "Summa." "Consequently, man is chiefly debtor to his parents and his country, after God. … Just as it belongs to religion to worship God, … so it belongs to piety in the second place to give honor to our parents and to our country."

The archbishop explained that a person owes unique debts to family that he or she would not owe to a stranger "not because our family is objectively more valuable than other people, but because of the unique relationship we have with them."

"So too, patriotism is a recognition of a similar debt of gratitude owed to our country — a debt of gratitude," he said. "It is not a claim that our nation is superior to every other nation on earth. It is a claim that this nation, with all its imperfections, is the one through which God chose to give us life, language, liberty, and the countless ordinary gifts that make everything in our lives possible."

This virtue, Coakley said, applies to "all people of every nation" and cited the Catechism of the Catholic Church: "The love and service of one's country follow from the duty of gratitude and belong to the order of charity."

Catholic patriotism

The archbishop said a proper Catholic understanding of patriotism is not "blind allegiance" or "some sort of tribal pride" but rather "gratitude," which is "the same virtue that should animate a son toward the mother who raised him."

"The Church has never asked us to love our country instead of loving God or to love it more than we love the truth," Coakley added. "She has simply recognized that what most people already know: that we owe something real to the place that gave us life and that ignoring this debt is a form of ingratitude."

He said most people "do not choose our country," just as they do not choose their parents, but "our country has shaped so much of who we are" for better or for worse, and that "none of this is accidental" but instead "divine providence."

"Our Heavenly Father positioned each of us at this moment in these circumstances and in this place where we find ourselves for a reason," Coakley said. "Our love of country and our desire for it to be more just and more perfect is not merely sentiment. It's a participation in God's providential plan for our lives and the lives of those who will come after us."

Patriotism vs. nationalism

"A love of country can go wrong and go wrong badly," Coakley said. Patriotism "is not the same as nationalism," Coakley said.

"Patriotism, as the Knights of Columbus have always understood it, is not a matter of uncritically affirming everything our country has done in its history, excusing its injustices, or treating its power or prestige as ends in themselves. Nationalism, by contrast, tends to elevate the nation to the status of an idol, something owed a total and unconditional loyalty that properly belongs only to God. It resents correction. It rejects the suggestion that the nation could ever be wrong."

"Patriotism, by contrast, is more like the love of a good son for his mother," Coakley said. "He honors her. He defends her. He is grateful to her. And precisely because he loves her, he also tells her the truth when she has strayed and he works to help her become the woman God intended her to be."

He said a patriot can "grieve his country's sins without ceasing to love his country," which is "often the clearest sign that love is real." He said patriotism and Christian conscience "were never meant to be enemies."

"Love of country should impel us toward peace, toward justice for the poor and the vulnerable, and toward the kind of civic friendship that has always been harder to sustain than either indifference or tribalism, which today often takes the form of an extreme partisanship," he said.

In practice, Coakley said this means voting with a properly formed conscience, being engaged civilly, and being there for one's neighbors. For some, he said, it has meant "risking your lives in the uniform of your country."

The archbishop warned that patriotism is sometimes neglected or treated with suspicion and encouraged Catholics to instill properly ordered patriotism into their children and grandchildren.

"We are called to love our country," he said. "Honor your country as you honor your parents with gratitude, with loyalty, and with honesty that never mistakes flattery for love. Put God first and let your patriotism flow from that priority rather than compete with it."

Patriotism is one of the four pillars of the Knights of Columbus, with the other three being charity, unity, and fraternity.

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