Catholic News

In November, the United Nations Human Rights Council will conduct its universal periodic review of Greece and Ireland, a process that holds every U.N. member state accountable for its human rights record roughly once every four and a half years.

Organizations working for the abolition of surrogacy are using this moment to challenge both countries' surrogacy frameworks. The practice was among 13 violations of human dignity condemned in the Vatican declaration Dignitas Infinita, issued in April 2024.

Among the groups raising concerns is Juristes pour l'Enfance, a French association of legal professionals dedicated to defending children's rights. The group has submitted two formal observations to the Human Rights Council, arguing that Ireland and Greece have repackaged what is fundamentally a commercial arrangement in the language of compassion and altruism, while children ultimately bear the consequences.

EWTN News spoke with Matthieu Le Tourneur, a French jurist with Juristes pour l'Enfance. He said the organization's central concern is that "a child must never be the object of a contract" since that commodifies them. He added that "surrogacy, whether commercial or presented as altruistic or regulated, involves treating a human being as goods. This is unacceptable."

'Children are not contracts,' advocates say

Of the European Union's 27 member states, 16 explicitly prohibit surrogacy and seven have no clear legal framework. Only four — Greece, Ireland, Cyprus, and Portugal — formally permit it.

Greece and Ireland are viewed as having the broadest legal openings for surrogacy, while both heavily describe their systems as "altruistic," meaning no direct payment is made to the surrogate mother for carrying and delivering the child.

Juristes pour l'Enfance disputes that characterization. Le Tourneur explained that under Ireland's Health (Assisted Human Reproduction) Act 2024, a surrogate may receive compensation for up to 12 months of lost income as well as reimbursement for a wide range of expenses. In Greece, fixed payments of 10,000 euros — rising to 15,000 euros for multiple pregnancies — are permitted as compensation for what the law calls "suffering" or "fatigue."

"Altruistic for whom?" Le Tourneur asked. "It is never altruistic for the child, who will carry for life the invisible mark of having been sold or given away, of having been the object of a contract. The term 'altruistic surrogacy' concerns only adults; it does not concern the child."

Advocates for abolition frequently cite the 1989 U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child, specifically Article 7, which guarantees a child's right to know and be raised by its parents. They argue that surrogacy deliberately severs the child's maternal bond at birth and constitutes a form of child sale under Article 35 and its Optional Protocol, even when the arrangement bears no overt price tag.

Trafficking, vulnerability, and the limits of regulation

The limits of surrogacy regulation became starkly visible in 2023, when Greek authorities uncovered an alleged criminal network operating out of the Mediterranean Fertility Institute in Crete. Investigators found evidence of trafficked migrant women, primarily from Eastern Europe, who had been recruited as surrogates. The case involved falsified documents, fraudulent embryo transfers, and what prosecutors described as industrial-scale handling of embryos.

"Legalizing a practice never eliminates trafficking outside the legal framework," Le Tourneur said. "In some cases, the existence of a legal market even strengthens illegal trafficking." He drew a parallel to debates around drug legalization, where legal supply has not always suppressed black markets.

He further noted that legalization can act as a pull factor for vulnerable women, since they know that for roughly 12 months they will receive financial support, care, and "sometimes accommodation."

These concerns have increasingly been echoed by U.N. experts. Le Tourneur pointed to the 2018 findings of former special rapporteur Maud de Boer-Buquicchio, a 2019 report by the Committee on the Rights of the Child, and a 2025 report by Special Rapporteur Reem Alsalem — all of which raised concerns about surrogacy as a form of exploitation affecting women and children.

A defining debate for Europe

This focus on surrogacy comes at a time when Europe is increasingly split on the topic. While surrogacy's proponents frame it as an act of generosity between willing adults, the majority of EU member states — including France, Germany, Spain, and Poland — continue to treat it as a form of exploitation incompatible with human dignity.

Italy has taken one of Europe's toughest stances, classifying surrogacy as a universal crime. Under a law that took effect in November 2024, Italian citizens can face prosecution for obtaining surrogacy services abroad, even in countries where the practice is legal. Convictions carry prison sentences of up to two years and fines ranging from 600,000 euros to 1 million euros.

Against that backdrop, Le Tourneur said Greece and Ireland matter not only for what is happening within their borders but also for the precedent they set. If the Human Rights Council issues recommendations against their surrogacy laws, it would send a powerful signal to other governments weighing similar legislation.

"We hope that, thanks to our alerts, the council will urge the countries concerned to amend their national legislation," Le Tourneur said. "Such recommendations may also deter other countries from adopting laws that the Human Rights Council would consider to be violations of human rights."

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Pope Leo XIV issued stark warnings against building "a new Tower of Babel" when developing artificial intelligence (AI) in his recently released encyclical Magnifica Humanitas, at a time when many people are growing concerned with the impact of the new technology and the rapid data center expansion that supports it.

His encyclical, the title of which means "magnificent humanity," pleads for AI development that safeguards Earth's natural resources, preserves the dignity of work, builds up human solidarity, and does not concentrate power in the hands of a few but rather ensures all people benefit from the innovation.

As American companies move fast to expand AI data centers — with over 4,000 operating and thousands more under construction — projects face local protests and critics cite environmental concerns, noise pollution, lack of long-term employment, and broader skepticism of AI's impact on society.

Although a March Gallup poll of 1,000 Americans found 71% oppose local AI data centers and only 27% support them, Interior Secretary Doug Burgum promoted data center expansion on Fox Business on May 26, citing productivity benefits across many sectors of the economy.

The protests, he claimed, are "foreign-directed propaganda" campaigns from nations competing with the United States. He dismissed Leo's guidance while laughing and said: "I didn't know that tech editorializing was part of the role of being pope."

Yet AI skepticism is quite prominent among the American public. A June 2025 Pew survey of 5,000 people found 50% are more concerned than excited about AI, 38% are equally excited and concerned, and just 10% are more excited than concerned. An NBC poll of 1,000 people in March found that 57% believe the risks of AI outweigh the benefits and 34% said the opposite.

David Cloutier, a Notre Dame theology professor and academic director of the Business Ethics and Society Program, told EWTN News: "I think the resistance to data centers is rooted in a larger suspicion of the technology itself."

"They are a really tempting symbolic target," he said, adding that data centers "symbolize a future that is all computer and machine and no people."

"I think people experience the arrival of this technology as something that they did not ask for and seems overwhelming to them," Cloutier added.

Dignity of work and power concentration

Data centers often receive significant state and local tax incentives. At least 28 states offer tax incentives specific to data centers: Each waives certain sales tax, 14 offer energy subsidies, and 11 provide property tax reductions, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures.

In a small number of states with significant data center growth — such as Texas and Virginia — data centers are receiving more than $1 billion annually in tax incentives. Apart from temporary construction jobs, smaller data centers often employ fewer than 150 permanent workers, while larger ones may employ a few hundred.

Father Philip Larrey, a philosophy professor at Boston College, told EWTN News "it doesn't make sense to me" to offer those incentives because "you don't need many people to actually run these things."

"What advantage is there for the local people to have a data center in their city?" he questioned. "Probably none."

Cloutier noted the difference between incentives given to data centers and to factories, saying "the factory can only work if workers come to the factory," but "data centers don't employ people like factories do."

"The question is a question about power and who controls these very important entities and whether they share the wealth that is generated by these entities," he said, pointing to Leo's concern about the centralization of power and dignity of work.

In the encyclical, Leo contrasted the Tower of Babel with the Book of Nehemiah, which details the construction of new walls for Jerusalem. The Holy Father said AI development should mirror the priorities outlined in that text: "Safeguarding humanity and the common good."

Cloutier encouraged local government officials to question "Who's truly being benefited by these developments?" and "Is this really benefiting my local community?" when considering projects.

"Listen to the community and ask questions of the company in ways that attempt to make the project more like Nehemiah building the wall," he said.

The backlash to data centers also fuels concerns about AI replacing people in the workforce, with Cloutier noting "they're enormous but empty of people."

As the technology improves, Larrey expressed concern about the long-term impact on the labor force, saying it will be hard to convince a company to hire a person if it can achieve "the same result from an AI that you get from a human being and they cost almost nothing." Yet, he urged employers to consider the human impact and encouraged employees to incorporate AI into their work if it can help prevent replacement.

"Just because you can replace a person with AI doesn't mean that you should," he said.

Judith McGill, marketing and content specialist for DataBank — a data center developer — and a practicing Catholic, told EWTN News that she believes critics' objections about employment are misleading, because although the centers themselves do not employ "a lot of people," the services benefit "all of the employees of our customers" who use AI.

She said governments would not offer incentives if investments were not "a net economic benefit to those communities." Despite incentives, she said: "We pay taxes and, in fact, contribute to schools and roads."

For example, McGill said DataBank aligns itself with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines for multinational enterprises, which prioritizes issues like labor rights and the environment.

"Our focus is on those organizations which are building technical skills for students entering the workforce and for teachers," she said.

Environment and resources

In his encyclical, Leo warned of a "tendency to overlook the environmental impact" of AI and the "enormous amounts of energy and water" needed for data centers, which puts "heavy demands on natural resources" and influences carbon dioxide emissions.

A report from the Electric Power Research Institute found 4%-5% of national energy is consumed by data centers, but that will rise to somewhere between 9% and 17% by 2030, mostly because of AI. It could exceed 20% in seven states and be somewhere between 39% and 57% in Virginia. Many data centers use water to cool machines.

Cloutier said environmental concerns are "a very important point that is very easy to miss," adding that "the amount of computer work that has to go on in order for the AI company to answer [a] question is very, very large."

"The environmental impact is downstream from the way we use that technology," he said, noting that if AI progresses to be "completely embedded in our lives," it will exacerbate the concerns.

Larrey said water and energy are two concerns people have as data centers continue to be built: "They need huge data centers in order to run the servers that give us these large AI models that are only going to get larger and larger as time goes on."

Larrey said innovation can ease concerns and cited OpenAI CEO Sam Altman's investments in small nuclear reactors that could increase opportunities to employ clean energy. He referenced Nobel-Prize winning AlphaFold as well, developed by DeepMind, which significantly reduced the time and energy needed for AI protein structure prediction.

"You need massive data centers in order to keep up with the competition," he said. "Now the companies have to come up with a way of making these more efficient and using less electricity. … It's becoming a real problem for the companies because people are protesting, actually in the street."

McGill, speaking for DataBank, said Leo's environmental concerns and broader concerns are "well taken" and even though data center developers are not religious organizations, it "doesn't absolve us from behaving responsibly."

She said DataBank is experimenting with hydrogenated vegetable oil for power. The company also designs the data centers with a closed-loop water cooling system, which means the water is continuously recycled through the system rather than consuming additional water.

McGill added that "data centers pay for their power." She acknowledged power consumption as a "legitimate concern" but criticized the narrative of the data center industry as "one big scary monster," making them "the scapegoat" for higher consumption and rate hikes. She noted that inflation and foreign policy in the Middle East have a major effect on energy costs.

"What we are doing toward responsible behavior, toward human beings, and toward the environment is absolutely in line with the pope's encyclical," she said.

Amid growing protests and guidelines coming down from the Vatican, McGill said a parishioner at the parish she attends asked her how a Catholic could work for a data center company, but she said this incorrectly "implied there was a disconnection."

"My conscience is clear," she said. "This is an industry that is not just avoiding doing bad things but actively seeking out ways to do the right thing."

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France's National Assembly approved for consideration on June 1 a bill aimed at preventing and combating violence in schools, a measure the country's bishops warn could put in jeopardy the seal of confession.

The French Bishops' Conference contends the legislative initiative infringes upon several fundamental freedoms, including freedom of conscience, freedom of education, and freedom of worship.

Although the bishops support the government's intention to combat psychological, physical, and sexual violence perpetrated against children and adolescents, they specifically expressed concern that the proposed legislation could compromise the seal of confession and the autonomy of Catholic education.

The bishops point to Article 9 of the bill, which mandates the obligation to report acts of violence against minors even if knowledge of such acts was acquired in the exercise of the priestly ministry and adds that no "seal of confession" may be invoked to override said obligation.

The prelates further warned that the measure would jeopardize the autonomy of Catholic schools, as it provides for an expansion of state control over government-subsidized private institutions.

The French bishops maintain that these new oversight measures could open the door to greater state intervention in areas such as moral formation, affective and sexual education, or even teaching Christian anthropology.

They point out that the state would also have the authority to impose administrative sanctions and even order the closure of schools that fail to comply with the established regulations.

What does the Church say regarding the seal of confession?

The sacramental seal is governed by canons 983, 984, and 1388 as well as No. 1467 of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, which states: "Given the delicacy and greatness of this ministry and the respect due to persons, the Church declares that every priest who hears confessions is bound under very severe penalties to keep absolute secrecy regarding the sins that his penitents have confessed to him."

"He can make no use of knowledge that confession gives him about penitents' lives. This secret, which admits of no exceptions, is called the 'sacramental seal,' because what the penitent has made known to the priest remains 'sealed' by the sacrament," the catechism adds.

In July 2019, the Vatican's Apostolic Penitentiary published a note regarding the importance of the private nature and the inviolability of the sacramental seal in order to highlight the importance and foster a better understanding of these concepts, "which today seem to have become more alien to public opinion and sometimes to civil juridical systems."

"The inviolable secrecy of confession comes directly from the revealed divine right and is rooted in the very nature of the sacrament, to the point of not admitting any exception in the ecclesial sphere, nor, least of all, in the civil one," the note states.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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Archbishop John Charles Wester urged continued international efforts toward nuclear disarmament in a speech Tuesday to a nonpartisan policy organization of arms control proponents.

"There is no such thing as a 'just' nuclear war," Wester of Santa Fe, New Mexico, said in a live video address to those gathered for the annual meeting of the Arms Control Association on June 2 at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C.

The Arms Control Association, founded in 1971, encourages nonproliferation and disarmament efforts for nuclear, chemical, biological, and other weapons the organization says pose dangers to humanity. Wester has been one of the most outspoken bishops on this topic in recent years.

In his address, Wester quoted extensively from papal writings and speeches from recent popes, including Pope Leo XIV, who encouraged disarmament efforts from nuclear powers in his papal encyclical Magnifica Humanitas last month.

Leo called the 2021 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons a step in the right direction but warned it's "largely symbolic since the major nuclear powers have not agreed to it." He also voiced concern for "a new arms race," the development of miniaturized nuclear weapons, and the potential use of artificial intelligence (AI) to make combat decisions.

Wester quoted from the text in which Leo said it is erroneous to believe nuclear deterrence is an "indispensable prerequisite for security." The archbishop noted "there had been progress" in the past with U.S. and Russian disarmament, but "whatever momentum we had is completely gone."

"We're now in a nuclear arms race that's even more dangerous than the first," Wester said in reference to efforts in the U.S., Russia, and China to modernize nuclear arsenals.

Wester said "we've got to take a sober look at what's going on today" and take the "momentum of the past and harness it and move it forward" toward nuclear weapon abolition.

"We've done this in the past and we can do it again," he said.

Wester also referenced Leo's encyclical comments on fears that AI could be used in weapons of war, with the Holy Father urging leaders to "avoid a race to develop such arms." The archbishop referenced research that found that AI models would choose to use nuclear weapons in 95% of the researchers' simulated crisis situations.

The possibility that AI could hypothetically choose to "wipe out human civilization overnight is rather scary," the archbishop said, echoing the Holy Father's warnings.

In addition to citing Leo, Wester also cited Leo's predecessor Pope Francis, who also gave strong warnings against nuclear weapons, going so far as to say "the use of nuclear weapons, as well as their mere possession, is immoral." Wester called this "a huge, huge statement" that goes further than other popes.

"The pope has said it's immoral," he said, and added that his question to Catholics who do not focus on the issue is: "What are you going to do about that?"

The archbishop penned a 51-page pastoral letter on nuclear weapons in 2022 and said most of the feedback he received from fellow bishops was favorable, but "there's not a huge urgency" from most clergy because there are "so many other issues to deal with these days."

"How do we get people to look at an issue that, for many, it just doesn't seem that urgent?" he said.

Wester said he hopes for a stronger focus on nuclear disarmament from the U.S. bishops and intends to ask Leo to write an encyclical specifically about the threat.

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A grassroots movement to celebrate faithfulness to God is being recognized by state leaders during the month of June.

Several elected officials are recognizing "Fidelity Month," including the governors of Arkansas and Utah.

Gov. Sarah Huckabee Sanders of Arkansas recently announced her recognition of the month along with Gov. Spencer Cox of Utah, the Kentucky Senate, and Mayor Jerry Weiers of Glendale, Arizona.

Fidelity Month was founded in 2023 by Professor Robert P. George, an American legal scholar and professor of jurisprudence and director of the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions at Princeton University.

"He was inspired by a WSJ [Wall Street Journal] poll that showed declining rates of commitment to patriotism, religion, having children, and community involvement among Americans," Christopher Parr, a spokesman for the movement, told EWTN News.

"We believe that faith in God, our spouses and families, and our country and communities are the sources of America's unity and strength," Parr said. "Professor George thought that it would be fitting for Americans to take one month of the year to rededicate themselves to these basic values."

Parr described Fidelity Month as "a grassroots movement, not a top-down organization."

"We grow as individuals, congregations, and organizations find our mission compelling and join it each June," Parr said. "That's why we list numerous ways that people can celebrate Fidelity Month on our website and organize programs such as our webinars and high school essay contest."

"We give some direction on the website, but our emphasis is on Americans taking initiative to celebrate and promote Fidelity Month in their communities," Parr explained.

Parr said Fidelity Month has seen "steady growth in our social media and website engagement, event attendance, and the number of organizations and elected officials partnering with us" since its inception three years ago.

Those involved "seem to be from many different backgrounds and across the country," Parr added. "Our hopes are that each year, more and more Americans will come to celebrate June as Fidelity Month."

Sanders formally recognized June as Fidelity Month on May 29, saying that "Fidelity Month provides an opportunity for residents to reflect on and renew commitments to these shared values and institutions."

"The United States of America was founded on the values of faith, liberty, and patriotism as acknowledged in its founding documents and in the statements of its Founding Fathers," the proclamation reads.

"The commitment of Arkansas to spiritual and civic institutions is at the core of the state's collective identity," the proclamation continued. "Cultivating fidelity to God, family, community, and country contributes to human flourishing and supports a healthy, stable, well-ordered society."

"We are honored whenever elected officials choose to recognize June as Fidelity Month," Parr said. "We hope that people will recognize Fidelity Month as an opportunity to unify all Americans around what matters most."

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Pope Leo XIV's prayer intention for the month of June is for the value of sports.

"In times of war and extreme polarization, sport is one of the few things that bring us closer together," the pope said in a video released on X on June 2.

He added: "Let us pray this June that sport may be an instrument of peace, encounter, and dialogue among cultures and nations, and that it may promote values such as respect, solidarity, and personal growth."

In the full video shared on the Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network website, Pope Leo recites an original prayer written specifically for this month's prayer intention:

In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.

Lord of life,

we thank you for the gift of sport,

for those who glorify God through the exercise of their bodies,

for the friendships born on the field

and the joy of playing as a team.

You teach us that in life, as in the game,

no one is saved alone.

We need others to grow,

to learn respect, to overcome our limits,

and to celebrate together the victories we achieve.

We ask that sport may always be

a school of fraternity, not of empty rivalry,

a space of encounter, not exclusion,

a path of peace, not violence.

May those who play, train, or cheer

discover in sport a universal language

that brings cultures together, unites peoples,

and sows respect, solidarity, and personal growth.

Lord Jesus,

may every sport become a parable of life lived with you,

working with joy and effort,

living with humility in defeat

and with gratitude in the victory you offer in your resurrection.

May your Spirit never be lacking in us,

making us one team, united with you

to build communion and fraternity in history.

Amen.

"Pray with the Pope" is accessible on the Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network website and its digital platforms.

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Amid a rocket attack launched by Hezbollah on residential homes in the village of Rmeish in southern Lebanon, more than 50 children celebrated their first Communion in a testament to faith, resilience, and hope in the midst of war.

In comments to local media, Rmeish Municipality Head Hanna Al-Amil said a missile fell between inhabited homes on Sunday morning and "narrowly avoided causing a major disaster."

Al-Amil stressed that the village contains no military forces, armed groups, or weapons, emphasizing that residents "simply want to live safely on their land, away from confrontation and escalation."

The people of Rmeish remain attached to their land and continue their lives "despite difficult circumstances," he said, calling for the protection of civilians and for the village and its residents not to be placed at risk. 

The incident is not an isolated one. It comes amid a series of missile launches affecting Christian villages in the south, increasing fears among local residents. On Friday, several Hezbollah rockets fired toward Israeli forces operating in the town of Dibbin landed in residential and civilian areas of Marjayoun, causing significant property damage.

According to local reports, one rocket struck the Greek Orthodox Church of St. George, damaging parts of the church, while another landed within the grounds of the Sacred Hearts Secondary School, leaving extensive destruction to the building and its surroundings.

Speaking to ACI MENA, the Arabic-language sister service of EWTN News, Rizkallah Alam, a resident of Rmeish whose daughter received her first Communion, said villagers have effectively been living in a state of war since Oct. 8, 2023.

"We have been living the reality of war since then," he said, adding that the village has not experienced a genuine ceasefire at any point. "The children and their parents live in constant anxiety. We asked to postpone the first Communion to another time, but our parish priest refused and insisted that it take place."

Alam described the daily reality facing children in the village, saying they live without a sense of security or psychological stability. "My children pray and sing hymns all the time, and they live according to the news cycle. Some days schools are open, and other days they are not. Today the situation has become even worse because of the siege."

He said the restrictions affecting the village have impacted even the most basic aspects of daily life. "Everything has become unavailable. We wait for the aid convoy and hope it will be allowed to reach the village."

In previous years, families would hold large celebrations for first Communion. This year, however, circumstances forced them to scale back their plans. "This year the celebration was limited to family homes, with no large festivities," he said. "The number of children was also lower than in previous years because families are scattered. Some are in Beirut, while others have left the country."

Alam described the immense uncertainty facing both parents and children. "The situation is extremely difficult. We cannot even plan for tomorrow," he said. "As we speak, rockets have fallen in Rmeish again, one person has been injured, and a car has caught fire."

Between missiles and first Communion, Rmeish embodies one of southern Lebanon's most painful paradoxes: a village that wants to live, families determined to remain, and children learning faith in a time of fear.

This story was first published by ACI MENA, the Arabic-language sister service of EWTN News, and has been translated for and adapted by EWTN News English.

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Brooklyn Rivera, a political prisoner and Indigenous leader whom the dictatorship of President Daniel Ortega and his wife and vice president, Rosario Murillo, held in detention and incommunicado for more than 970 days, passed away in Nicaragua at the age of 73, the regime announced following several statements regarding his grave state of health.

"Despite the enormous and intense medical efforts undertaken to restore the health of our Brother [akin to 'comrade'] Brooklyn whose physical and neurological deterioration was the result of a bacterial infection triggered by the COVID-19 virus, we regret to confirm that unfortunately he has departed this plane of existence," states a communiqué from Nicaragua's Ministry of Health dated May 31.

The Ministry of Health and the Directorate of Forensic Medicine "are carrying out the procedures corresponding to the certification of his death," adds the text published in El 19 Digital, a media outlet aligned with the Nicaraguan dictatorship.

'To be a Christian is to speak out and not remain silent'

"What exists in our country is not a government; it is a regime of repression, a cruel dictatorship that has turned Nicaragua into a police state," Father Edwing Román, a Nicaraguan priest serving as vicar at St. Agatha Parish in Miami, told ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News, on May 31.

The priest denounced various "crimes against humanity" committed by the dictatorship, such as "arbitrary detentions based on fabricated charges, political prisoners dying in jails from torture, persecution of the Church, closing universities, stripping people of their citizenship, confiscations, disappearances, and murders."

Román also warned that "thinking differently is now a crime in Nicaragua. The Nicaraguan people deserve freedom, justice, and dignity, which are today being trampled upon by these criminals in power."

All of this "is already known to the international community, and they must act in the face of these systematic violations. To be a Christian is to speak out, not to remain silent in the face of this injustice," the priest emphasized.

Martha Patricia Molina, author of the report "Nicaragua: A Persecuted Church," which chronicles the dictatorship's attacks against the Catholic Church since 2018, said that what happened to the late political prisoner is "repugnant, reprehensible, and inhumane."

"With the Indigenous leader Brooklyn Rivera, the total number of people murdered by the Ortega-Murillo dictatorship now stands at nine. There are more than 45 political prisoners who could still meet the same fate. These are crimes that must not go unpunished," Molina told ACI Prensa on May 31.

UN reports more cases

On May 1, a group of U.N. experts gathered in Geneva expressed their "deep concern" regarding missing persons in Nicaragua who reportedly died while in the dictatorship's custody after having been tortured.

In addition to Rivera, the experts referred to the case of another missing person who reportedly died "in February 2026 while in detention, and whose body was returned to their relatives without a death certificate."

In total, there are reportedly more than 112 victims of enforced disappearance, cases regarding which the Nicaraguan regime has been notified yet has provided no response to date.

Rivera's case

The case of Rivera, who was detained by the dictatorship on Sept. 29, 2023, has recently drawn a number of reactions from both the international and domestic communities, including that of his daughter, Tininiska Rivera, who refuted the regime's statements regarding her father's health.

On Wednesday, May 27, the Nicaraguan regime published a statement in El 19 Digital reporting on Brooklyn's "delicate" health condition, following his hospitalization on March 7. At that time, the news outlet reported that the political prisoner was on "invasive mechanical ventilation" due to a respiratory issue.

"As the daughter of Brooklyn Rivera Bryan, I categorically reject the recent statement issued by the Ortega-Murillo Sandinista regime in Nicaragua, which contains false information regarding the condition of my father's health and the conditions of his detention," Tininiska stated in a communiqué sent to the media, as reported by the newspaper La Prensa.

After noting that her father was in "optimal health" at the time of his detention, Tininiska emphasized that "since his abduction and forced disappearance, no visits by any family members have been permitted. Our family has gone through this period in a state of uncertainty, anguish, and zero response from the government, without independent access or verifiable information regarding his actual condition."

Rivera 'didn't simply die; he was murdered'

Arturo McFields Yescas, Nicaragua's former ambassador to the Organization of American States, stated on X that "Brooklyn Rivera Bryan didn't [simply] die; he was murdered. It was a state crime. It is the same playbook used in Cuba, Venezuela, and Nicaragua: They enter [prison] alive and leave dead."

Rivera was one of the most influential Indigenous leaders on Nicaragua's Caribbean coast and founded the Yatama movement, an organization dedicated to the defense of the Miskito people and other Indigenous communities. He served as a representative in the National Assembly.

Born on Sept. 24, 1952, in Nicaragua, he led an armed Indigenous resistance in the 1980s against the first Sandinista government and later participated in peace negotiations and the process for autonomy for the Indigenous peoples of Nicaragua's Caribbean region.

Dictators far from God 'multiply human victims'

Although he did not refer directly to Rivera, the exiled auxiliary bishop of Managua, Silvio Báez, stated May 31 that "in contemplating the mystery of the Most Holy Trinity, a mystery of love, unity, and freedom, we grasp just how far removed from God are the cruelty and cynicism of dictators who, no matter how much they invoke his name, exude hatred, multiply human victims, and seek to deify themselves by means of violence and repression."

"They are aging people in power, blinded by their ambition, destined for destruction," the prelate stated in his homily for the Mass he celebrated Sunday, May 31, at St. Agatha Parish in Miami.

Those who believe in the one and triune God, the bishop continued, "don't impose ourselves by force; we know how to listen, and we don't offend."

"Faith in the Trinity," he emphasized, "compels us to reject the logic of division, polarization, contempt for diversity, and the exclusion of minorities."

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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Magnifica Humanitas has opened the doors for deeper conversations between the Church and the tech industry regarding "how AI is going to affect humanity," priest and former Silicon Valley executive Father Brendan McGuire said.

McGuire, pastor of St. Simon Parish in Los Altos, California, told "EWTN News Nightly" that tech companies are searching for "wisdom" right now, and Pope Leo's encyclical can offer it.

The Church has "been working with the different tech companies for a number of years … directly from Rome, in the Vatican, and also here locally," he said.

In 2024 Anthropic, an AI safety company and creator of the Claude AI system that filed to go public June 1, reached out to the Vatican for ethical guidance. McGuire helped shape Claude's Constitution, the 23,000-word document governing how Claude reasons through complex moral questions.

McGuire also co-founded the Institute for Technology, Ethics, and Culture — a formal partnership between Santa Clara University's Markkula Center for Applied Ethics and the Vatican's Dicastery for Culture and Education.

Earlier he had worked for the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA), an industry consortium of computer hardware manufacturers.

The Irish priest holds degrees in engineering and computer science from Trinity College Dublin and has a theology degree from St. Patrick's Seminary and University.

'Engaged in deeper conversations'

"More intensely over this last year, we've been more deliberately, and more intentionally, engaged in deeper conversations monthly … mostly with Anthropic, and we believe this document now will be able to deepen these relationships even more," he said.

These relationships will prompt "real dialogue as to how AI is going to affect humanity," he said.

"I love the reframing that the pope has done" by asking "How do we have all of humanity … flourish inside of AI? Instead of the other way around," McGuire said. "It's a reframing of the whole issue."

While some wonder if tech companies will listen to the pope's call, McGuire said he believes they will, as people in the industry "are looking for wisdom."

Those in the tech industry "are men and women of goodwill, and they want this AI to go well," he said. "And if it's going to go well, then they're going to have to have people outside of the programmers, and the mathematicians, and the technology people, and engineers."

"They need wisdom from outside. It's not just the Catholic Church. Every religious tradition needs to lean into this moment," he said.

Reading the pope's encyclical is 'the most important thing'

The encyclical comes years after AI really took off, but "it's not true" when people say the pope's call is too late, McGuire said.

"The technology people themselves say that it's not true. But I do believe that the window is closing," he said.

The "whole intention" of the pope's encyclical is "to start asking those more difficult questions," McGuire said.

The pope has asked: "What [does it] mean for a human being to flourish? What is good for all of humanity? And not what is just good for a handful of people, but what is good for all of us?"

"So what we've done here is raised questions more than got answers," McGuire said. Now we must "bring about a dialogue to go for those answers."

The "first thing I implore everyone to do is to read it," he said. Reading it is "the most important thing" and "not relying … on soundbites from somebody else."

The first half of the encyclical "is a survey of the previous documents of the Church and social doctrine" and it is "a great summary of them," he said.

Then, focus on reading "Chapter 3 on artificial intelligence" and "Chapter 4 [on] the impact of it."

Pope Leo "uses two biblical metaphors" that "are beautiful and really important": the Tower of Babel and the rebuilding of Jerusalem by Nehemiah, he said.

He is "basically saying we don't want to go back to the Tower of Babel, where everyone builds it for their own … purposes," he said. Instead, it must be like the city Jerusalem where "everyone has a role. Every family, every person, every engineer, every journalist, every philosopher."

"Everyone needs to play a role, and we need to engage with this because it will, in large part, determine our future as a humanity," McGuire said.

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A Christian motorcycle ride-hailing driver is battling for his life after allegedly being shot nine times by members of a police anti-crime patrol, renewing concerns over police conduct and the use of force in Pakistan's Punjab province.

Alyan Johnson, 22, was critically injured in a shooting involving personnel of the Dolphin Force in Rawalpindi, the garrison city adjoining Islamabad, on the night of May 26.

According to his family, Johnson had just dropped off a passenger when police arrived in pursuit of a suspected armed man. The suspect allegedly fired into the air and attempted to flee, after which officers opened fire.

Johnson, who joined a ride-hailing company six months ago to help support his family, remains hospitalized.

His family has filed a complaint at Sadiqabad police station, demanding an impartial investigation, strict action against those responsible, and compensation for the injuries and losses suffered.

Four Dolphin Force personnel allegedly involved in the shooting have been suspended and charged on the orders of the Rawalpindi city police officer.

Joseph Michael, Johnson's uncle, said the family was dissatisfied with what he described as a limited official response.

"We demand justice and imprisonment for the shooters who misused their authority," Michael told EWTN News. "Johnson raised his hands and identified himself as a rider in a loud voice, but the shooting continued. He had no weapon and no criminal record. He only wanted to help his father, who works as a sanitary worker."

Michael said Johnson suffered multiple gunshot wounds and two fractures in his right leg.

"Anything could have happened. We are grateful he survived," he added.

Raja Abdul Hanif, chairman of the Punjab chief minister's inspection team, visited Johnson in the hospital on May 29 and assured the family of justice. He directed authorities to ensure all medicines and treatment costs were provided by the hospital.

"The law is equal for everyone and action will be taken against those involved in the incident following a transparent investigation," Hanif said.

Police have yet to issue a detailed public explanation of the shooting.

The incident has triggered strong reactions among Christian activists and rights advocates.

A delegation led by Tariq Mehmood Ghouri, coordinator of the Catholic bishops' National Commission for Justice and Peace in the Islamabad-Rawalpindi Diocese, visited the hospital and pledged legal and moral support to the family.

"The situation was mishandled. Doctors are still uncertain whether the young laborer will ever walk normally again," Ghouri said.

"For many poor families, motorcycle ride-hailing is one of the few ways to earn a living amid soaring inflation and fuel prices. The state must recognize these realities and act with compassion."

Ghouri said the shooting raised serious questions about police training and operational procedures.

"The incident is an eye-opener for those who claim that religious minorities enjoy equal rights and protection in Pakistan," he said.

A pattern of police 'encounters' in Punjab

The shooting comes amid growing scrutiny of police encounter practices in Punjab.

A fact-finding report released in February by the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) concluded that Punjab's Crime Control Department has pursued a policy of staged police encounters, often resulting in extrajudicial killings and undermining constitutional safeguards and the rule of law.

Based on media reports, the commission documented at least 670 Crime Control Department-led encounters during the first eight months of 2025, resulting in the deaths of 924 suspects, while only two police officers were reported killed.

"In genuine armed confrontations, such a ratio appears to be statistically implausible," the report states. "This imbalance suggests deliberate executions and reckless disregard for the sanctity of life."

The report also documented allegations of intimidation against victims' families, including pressure to bury relatives quickly, obstacles to independent medical examinations, and threats against those seeking justice.

Concerns over Dolphin Force operations are not new. In 2022, members of the unit shot dead a dismissed police constable and injured two others in Lahore, the capital of Punjab, after allegedly mistaking them for robbers.

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