Catholic News

VATICAN CITY — Pope Leo XIV announced Sunday that he will lead a prayer vigil for peace on April 11 at St. Peter's Basilica, using his first Easter Urbi et Orbi message to make a forceful appeal for an end to war and a renewed embrace of dialogue.

In a departure from the traditional Easter survey of major international flashpoints, Leo focused his message on the spiritual roots of peace, presenting Christ's Resurrection as the answer to a world wounded by violence, hatred, and indifference.

"Easter is the victory of life over death, of light over darkness, of love over hatred," the pope said. Yet it is also "a victory that came at a very high price": Christ "had to die — and die on a cross — after suffering an unjust condemnation, being mocked and tortured, and shedding all his blood."

Leo said the strength behind Christ's triumph over death was not worldly power but divine love. "This strength, this power, is God himself for he is Love who creates and generates, Love who is faithful to the end and Love who forgives and redeems," he said.

"Christ, our 'victorious King,' fought and won his battle through trusting abandonment to the Father's will, to his plan of salvation," the pope said.

He added that Jesus "walked the path of dialogue to the very end, not in words but in deeds: to find us who were lost, he became flesh; to free us who were slaves, he became a slave; to give life to us mortals, he allowed himself to be killed on the cross."

Leo stressed that "the power with which Christ rose is entirely nonviolent," comparing it to "a human heart which, wounded by an offense, rejects the instinct for revenge and, filled with compassion, prays for the one who has committed the offense."

"That is the true strength that brings peace to humanity," he said, because it "fosters respectful relationships at every level: among individuals, families, social groups, and nations."

The pope described the Resurrection as the foundation of a renewed human family. "Yes, Christ's resurrection is the beginning of a new humanity; it is the entrance into the true promised land, where justice, freedom, and peace reign, where all recognize one another as brothers and sisters, children of the same Father who is Love, Life, and Light."

At the same time, Leo warned against becoming desensitized to violence.

"We are growing accustomed to violence, resigning ourselves to it, and becoming indifferent," he said. "Indifferent to the deaths of thousands of people. Indifferent to the repercussions of hatred and division that conflicts sow. Indifferent to the economic and social consequences they produce, which we all feel."

Recalling what he called an expression dear to Pope Francis, Leo lamented an ever-increasing "globalization of indifference" and urged Christians not to accept evil as inevitable.

"We cannot continue to be indifferent! And we cannot resign ourselves to evil!" he said.

Quoting St. Augustine — "If you fear death, love the resurrection!" — Leo said Christians must cling to the hope of the risen Christ, who has conquered evil and offers true peace.

"The peace that Jesus gives us is not merely the silence of weapons, but the peace that touches and transforms the heart of each one of us!" the pope said. "Let us allow ourselves to be transformed by the peace of Christ! Let us make heard the cry for peace that springs from our hearts!"

He then made his appeal in direct terms: "Let those who have weapons lay them down! Let those who have the power to unleash wars choose peace! Not a peace imposed by force, but through dialogue! Not with the desire to dominate others, but to encounter them!"

Leo concluded by inviting the faithful to join him on April 11 for the peace vigil at St. Peter's Basilica.

"On this day of celebration, let us abandon every desire for conflict, domination, and power, and implore the Lord to grant his peace to a world ravaged by wars and marked by a hatred and indifference that make us feel powerless in the face of evil," he said.

The pope ended the message with Easter greetings in several languages before concluding in Latin.

This story was originally published by ACI Stampa, EWTN News' Italian-language partner agency. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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In response to the growing Hispanic Catholic community in the United States and Canada, seminarians from both countries are being sent to study in Mexico at the Hispanic Seminary of Our Lady of Guadalupe, a multicultural formation center for future priests.

The seminary was founded on Aug. 31, 1999, by the then-primate archbishop of Mexico, Cardinal Norberto Rivera, after the Catholic Church recognized the need to form priests capable of understanding the cultural richness of Hispanics in North America.

Rivera was inspired by the call issued by St. John Paul II in the January 1999 apostolic exhortation Ecclesia in America, which called the American Church to a new evangelization.

The seminary opened in August 2000 with the arrival of five seminarians from the archdioceses of Los Angeles and Milwaukee. Since then, more than 200 graduates from at least 55 dioceses across the U.S. have passed through the formation center.

'A Church without borders'

In an interview with ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News, Father Juan Antonio Vértiz Gutiérrez, the seminary's rector, explained that the learning experience goes beyond language. The seminarians gain firsthand insight into what the Church in Mexico is like as well as its ecclesial and cultural traditions, particularly through apostolates.

According to the priest, this enables them to "better serve our fellow countrymen and our brothers and sisters of Hispanic origin" in their home dioceses in the U.S. He emphasized that this formation helps these young men understand two distinct cultural realities that, while united in faith, have different cultural expressions.

For Vértiz, one of the greatest beauties of Catholicism is that it "doesn't have any borders." In a time marked by tensions stemming from immigration policies, he noted that the experience of the Hispanic seminary demonstrates that for the Catholic Church, regardless of one's background, every person "already belongs to the family of the children of God."

The program

Life at the seminary follows the rhythm of any house of priestly formation but with a particular emphasis on cultural encounter. Mornings are dedicated to philosophical and theological studies at Lumen Gentium Catholic University, while in the afternoons, seminarians delve deeper into language learning and spiritual formation.

During Holy Week, seminarians are often sent to communities outside Mexico City.

The admissions process is typically conducted through diocesan vocations offices in the U.S. "We do not accept young men who do not belong to a diocese," the rector explained.

Currently, the seminary hosts 16 young men hailing from California, Nevada, Washington, Texas, Illinois, Alabama, and Georgia.

Diverse testimonies of faith

Ramsés Yates, originally from the Diocese of Yakima, Washington, arrived at the seminary a year and a half ago to complete his theological formation and learn Spanish.

In an interview with ACI Prensa, he said his experience in Mexican communities has filled him with "much hope and much joy." In them, he said, it's possible to witness what it means to "be a community that lives out Catholicism to the fullest."

He noted that he is eagerly preparing to return to Yakima, knowing that he will now be able to speak "with many more people in my diocese, people with whom I previously could not communicate effectively. That fills me with great enthusiasm."

Ramón Pérez, originally from Guanajuato, Mexico, migrated to Fresno, California, at the age of 17. There, his life was defined by work until he felt "the call to the priesthood, to a more complete dedication to the service of the Church."

He told ACI Prensa that following a lengthy process of discernment, he requested admission to the seminary. His diocese decided to send him to Mexico "to continue nurturing my culture and to support the various people entering the United States" from Spanish-speaking countries.

The seminarian said the experience has enabled him "to know and become conscious of my origins, my roots, and my culture, of where I was born and where I come from." Growing up in two different cultures, he acknowledged, can be challenging, but it has also "profoundly shaped this aspect of my vocation."

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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A few prominent Catholics are scheduled to speak at a May 17 event on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., where President Donald Trump will rededicate the United States to "one nation, under God."

Speakers will include Diocese of Winona-Rochester, Minnesota, Bishop Robert Barron, founder of Word on Fire and member of the president's Religious Liberty Commission.

Jonathan Roumie, the Catholic actor who plays Jesus Christ on the television series "The Chosen," will also speak at the event. Cardinal Timothy Dolan will provide a video address for the event.

The programming for the event will include talks about Christianity in American history and the Christian faith of American historical figures along with prayers and Christian music.

Trump, Vice President JD Vance, and House Speaker Mike Johnson are scheduled to speak as well.

"Our mission is to gather the nation in prayer and worship, to have a moment reflecting on God's providence in the birth and preservation of the United States, and this is really our opportunity to unite the country and rededicate our nation to God," Justin Caporale, executive producer for major events and public appearances for the White House, said in a media call.

Some Protestant speakers expected include Pastor Jack Graham, Samuel Rodriguez, and Eric Metaxas. There will also be a video address by Franklin Graham. There will be musical performances by Chris Tomlin, Blessing Offor, and the U.S. Navy Band.

Trump announced the "Rededicate 250" event in February during the National Prayer Breakfast, which coincides with broader celebrations to honor the 250th anniversary of the Founding Fathers signing the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Rededicate 250 event organizer, Freedom 250, is a nonprofit subsidiary of the National Park Foundation.

"When our founders proclaimed the immortal truths that echoed around the world and down all the way through time, they declared that all of us are made free and equal by the hand of our Creator," Trump said at the Feb. 4 breakfast.

Last September, Trump also launched the "America Prays" initiative, which asks Americans to create groups to dedicate one hour of prayer every week for the United States and its people leading up to the Fourth of July anniversary.

The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) launched separate events to honor the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.

In February, the USCCB asked parishes to contribute to 250 collective hours of adoration and 250 collective works of mercy in the lead up to the Fourth of July. The bishops asked parishes to report participation in the initiative and inform them of the fruits of the prayers and actions.

On July 12, the bishops will also reconsecrate the United States to the Sacred Heart of Jesus as part of the solemnity. This will occur during Mass at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C.

This story originally reported that the White House announced Father Mike Schmitz would be attending the May 17 event. Father Schmitz's team has clarified that he informed the White House he would be unable to attend the event. The story was updated at 4:15 p.m. ET on April 4, 2026 to reflect this.

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Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican's Easter Vigil on April 4 described the ancient ceremony as "filled with light" and as the "mother of all vigils" where the faithful "relive the memorial of the victory of the Lord of life over death."

"We do so after having traversed, over the past few days — as if in a single, grand celebration — the mysteries of the Passion of the God who, for our sake, became a man of sorrows: despised and rejected by men, tortured and crucified," the pope reflected.

At the vigil in St. Peter's Basilica, the pope described the Risen Christ as "the very Creator of the universe who — just as he granted us existence out of nothing at the dawn of history — so too, upon the Cross, in order to demonstrate his boundless love for us, bestowed upon us the gift of life."

Reflecting on the account of the Resurrection, Leo said: "On Easter morning, the women — overcoming their sorrow and fear — set out on their way. They wanted to go to Jesus' tomb. They expected to find it sealed, with a large stone at the entrance and soldiers standing guard."

He described that stone as representative of sin, "a massive barrier that shuts us in and separates us from God, seeking to stifle his words of hope within us."

"Mary Magdalene and the other Mary, however, did not let themselves be intimidated," he said. "They went to the tomb and, thanks to their faith and their love, became the first witnesses of the Resurrection."

The pope said Jesus' message to the women — "Peace be with you" — is "also our message to the world."

"Like the women who ran to bring the news to the brethren, we too wish to set out tonight from this Basilica, to carry to everyone the Good News that Jesus has risen, and that — through his power, having risen with him — we too can give birth to a new world of peace and unity."

Addressing the catechumens receiving baptism during the vigil, the pope described them as "reborn in Christ to become new creatures."

"Even in our own day, there is no shortage of tombs that need opening; indeed, the stones sealing them are often so heavy and so heavily guarded that they seem immovable," he said.

"Some of these stones weigh upon the human heart — such as mistrust, fear, selfishness, and resentment. Others — the consequences of those inner burdens — sever the bonds between us, such as war, injustice, and the closing off of peoples and nations from one another."

"Let us not allow ourselves to be paralyzed by them!" the pope said.

Pointing to the heroic work of the Christians of the past, the pope urged the faithful to "be moved by their example."

"And on this Holy Night, let us make their commitment our own, so that everywhere and always — throughout the world — the Easter gifts of harmony and peace may grow and flourish," he said.

This story was originally published by ACI Stampa, EWTN News' Italian-language partner agency. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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The Cuban government announced the release of 2,010 prisoners for Easter on April 2 — the highest number in recent years — amid pressure from the administration of U.S. President Donald Trump.

This measure was granted after a "pardon approved by the Government of Cuba" and after the analysis of a series of circumstances of the prisoners, such as "good behavior maintained in prison, having extinguished an important part of their sanction and state of health," according to a note from the Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Among the released prisoners are young people, women, and people over 60 years old. Excluded from the release were those who have committed crimes such as sexual assault, pedophilia with violence, murder, robbery with violence or force with weapons, and "crimes against authority."

Specifying that it was the "second release" of 2026, the ministry said that the pardons were announced "in the context of the religious celebrations of Holy Week."

The statement pointed out that this is the government's "fifth pardon" since 2011, by which a total of "more than 11,000 people have been released."

In March of this year, the Cuban government announced that it would release 51 prisoners "in the spirit of good will, of close and fluid relations between the Cuban State and the Vatican."

The release comes as the United States has been cutting off the oil supply in Cuba as a way to pressure the regime to make various political and economic reforms.

Much of the Cuban population has also been experiencing a serious humanitarian emergency due to a lack of food, medicine and health, among other shortcomings.

Palm Beach, Florida Bishop Manuel de Jesús Rodríguez, himself a native of the Dominican Republican, recently wrote in a March 27 column that he found in Cuba "a deep and increasing humanitarian crisis: raw, visible and deeply human."

The prelate said that "prayer must lead to action." To that end, the Diocese of Palm Beach is collaborating with the Cuban bishops to find "all possible ways to provide concrete assistance, especially in urgent areas of food and medical care."

"This job is not optional. It is a moral imperative," he said.

This report was originally published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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LITOMERICE, Czech Republic — A microbrewery owned by the Catholic Diocese of Litomerice in the Czech Republic has won gold and diamond medals at an international beer competition, capping a triumphant run for the small operation in northern Bohemia.

The Bishop's Brewery at St. Stephen's took home top honors at the Czech Brew Star 2026 competition held in Brno on Feb. 6, the diocese announced March 16.

The brewery's amber lager, Jezule 15%, won gold, while its flagship Czech pale lager, Dekan 11%, was named the overall winner in the Czech light lager category and received a diamond medal — the competition's highest distinction.

Days later, the brewery's Easter special — a dark stout brewed from five types of malt — won a gold medal at an international beer festival in Litomerice, along with the main prize for best beer among all microbreweries in the Ústí nad Labem region of northern Bohemia.

Archbishop-designate Stanislav Pribyl of Prague blessed the Easter stout a few days before the fifth Sunday of Lent, March 22.

"God, you never cease to care for what you have created, you send the abundance of your blessing and give the earth its fruitfulness. We praise you for your infinite goodness and ask your blessing for this batch of beer," Pribyl prayed. "Beer is a precious drink; through it, people meet and friendships deepen. Grant that whoever drinks it may receive protection of body and soul."

Why a stout?

Head brewer Robert Kríž said the choice to brew a stout as the Easter special was deliberate.

"Everyone makes green beer before Easter, so we said we'd do something completely different — and the decision fell on a strong dark beer," Kríž explained.

The stout, a bottom-fermented dark beer made from five types of malt, draws its distinctive flavor primarily from chocolate malt. Kríž described the result as similar to Guinness but noted: "We definitely don't want to compare ourselves with them. We have our own taste, and that needs to be tried."

Not 1 but 3 awards

The Czech Brew Star is an international competition that evaluates exclusively unfiltered and unpasteurized beers. The 2026 edition in Brno attracted 113 breweries from six countries — the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Cyprus, Greece, and Italy — with 52 tasters from nine countries judging 444 entries.

The Jezule 15% lager takes its unusual name from the affectionate Czech diminutive for the Infant Jesus. The name was inspired by the children's book "The Flight Into Egypt Through the Kingdom of Bohemia" by the German-Bohemian author Otfried Preußler, a favorite of Pribyl's. The beer was originally brewed as a Christmas special and was produced for only the second time in the brewery's 11-year history.

"The judges praised the perfect harmony of flavors, aroma, and overall quality of this beer," Kríž said.

Richard Kirbs, the brewery's director, called the Dekan lager's diamond medal "a fantastic success in unprecedented competition."

"This is also the best reward for our brewer and the whole team," Kirbs said. "The 11-degree Dekan can be tried in the brewery restaurant practically at any time."

The Bishop's Brewery at St. Stephen's was established in 2015 in the Diocesan House of the Diocese of Litomerice. It is one of a small but growing number of Church-owned breweries in Europe, continuing a monastic and ecclesial brewing tradition that dates back centuries in the Czech lands.

Pribyl, a Redemptorist, was named archbishop of Prague by Pope Leo XIV on Feb. 2 and remains administrator of the Diocese of Litomerice until his installation in Prague on April 25.

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The archbishop of Toledo and primate of Spain, Francisco Cerro, said it is not uncommon to be asked "what the secret is" behind the vitality of his seminary, which for decades has had one of the highest enrollments in the country.

Cerro noted that questions about the seminary's success lead him and his team to live in "profound humility and sincere gratitude" for what God has granted them through "the heart of Jesus Christ, eternal high priest," both for the good of the Church and for "a humanity incapable of finding a way back to the Lord, marked by apostasy and, above all, weary and burdened because it lacks the Love of loves."

In a recent letter, Cerro offered 10 points he said have shaped the seminary's strong vocation culture — points "strengthened by the pastors who have served this primatial see, watered by the blood of martyrs, and sustained by the witness of holiness of so many lives."

1. "Reasons of faith"

"We enter the seminary for reasons of faith, not for human reasons, and we remain for reasons of faith," explained the prelate, who — drawing inspiration from the words Pope Leo XIV addressed to Spanish seminarians in February — added that "when we lose the supernatural dimension of our vocation, we lose everything."

2. The Church confirms the vocation

Cerro explained that "in the seminary, the vocation — which we place in the hands of the Church — is discerned." Thus, priestly ordination "takes place when that call has been confirmed by the Church, which is the body of Christ."

3. A transformed heart

The archbishop of Toledo, recalling his days as a seminarian, said: "I must allow the seminary to pass through me, to enter deep within me, and to gradually form and transform me. Formation must help us to live with the sentiments of the heart of Jesus. We cannot be like those smooth stones we see in mountain rivers: The water flows over them, but it does not penetrate their interior."

4. Human, not worldly

Another factor contributing to the success of the Toledo seminary is awareness of having "seminarians who are deeply human, yet not at all worldly," Cerro said, men who share in "the joys, hopes, sorrows, and anxieties of our brothers," for "the world awaits holy priests who know how to accompany people on the journey of life."

5. Solid in-depth formation

The prelate said the Toledo seminary offers "solid in-depth formation," grounded in the magisterium of the Church, "so as not to turn our seminaries into a laboratory for all manner of experiments, the outcome of which we all know."

6. Based on the word of God and the lives of the saints

"Based on the living word, on the doctrine of the Church, on the experience of the saints, and in dialogue with a world that needs the Redeemer of the world more than ever" — this is how the formation process is carried out, the prelate emphasized.

7. Living in the present

Cerro said the seminary approaches its work "without nostalgia for a past that will not return. With eyes of faith, living in the present in communion with Peter, we form ourselves to live out what is essential: to be holy and blameless before God out of love."

8. Fraternity and unity in diversity

"The seminary — as a presbyterate in formation — must be a community that lives like a family," the prelate added, "for this fraternity strengthens that which unites us, enabling us to live with one heart while respecting the healthy plurality of sensibilities that reaffirm one faith, one baptism, and one Lord, in communion with Peter in [Christ's] Church."

9. Devoted to Mary

"We place the seminary in the heart of the Immaculate One. She watches over every seminarian so that he may attain the goal of a life of priestly dedication and generosity," the archbishop shared.

10. Entrusted to the saints and martyrs

Finally, Cerro said he considers the final characteristic of the seminary is that it is entrusted to "St. Ildefonsus, to Blessed Sancha, and to so many holy pastors who have passed through it" as well as "to the martyrs of the religious persecution in Spain."

He appealed to them to "grant us many holy vocations, so that the Church journeying in Toledo may never lack pastors after the heart of Christ."

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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Though the Indian Hindu nationalist government was prepared to discuss a controversial amendment on foreign donations in the Indian Parliament on April 1, vociferous opposition protests inside the legislature, along with public opposition — including by Catholic Church leadership — forced the government to postpone the bill until the next session in July.

The BJP government's backing-off from the amendment to the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act was promptly welcomed by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of India (CBCI).

The CBCI had mailed a protest letter on March 31 to Amit Shah, the home minister of India who handles the sensitive subject of foreign donations, calling for the "referral of the Bill to a Parliamentary Standing Committee for wider consultation"

The bill provides for setting up a government authority to seize properties bought or developed on foreign funds if the government license is canceled or not renewed.

The CBCI letter argued that it was essential "to ensure that administrative lapses do not lead to disproportionate penalties such as asset seizure."

With the Christian heartland of southern Kerala going to the polls on April 9 to choose its new assembly, ruling Communists and opposition leaders joined senior bishops holding news conferences dubbing the amendment as "draconian, barbaric and undemocratic."

The Kerala Catholic Bishops' Council held an emergency online meeting March 31 and sent a powerful letter to Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressing "deep concern regarding certain provisions" within the proposed amendment

"The amendments, as presently understood, may create possibilities for misuse of authority, which could adversely impact many voluntary organizations, non-governmental organizations, and auxiliary institutions — including places of worship — that have been established over decades for public service, irrespective of caste or religion," the Kerala bishops cautioned.

More than 18% of Kerala's 37 million residents are Christians.

The bishops asked Modi to refer the amendment bill "to the appropriate Parliamentary Subject Committee for further study, stakeholder consultation, and detailed discussion."

"We are relieved now that the bill has been postponed and it will certainly provide an opportunity to address our concerns," Father Thomas Tharayil, the deputy secretary of the Kerala bishops, told EWTN News April 2 from Kochi.

Contribution act licenses of several dioceses, congregations and charitable organizations have been "cancelled without any proper reason," Tharayil said.

Since the BJP came into power in 2014, thousands of licenses of church and Christian social action groups have been cancelled or not renewed along with those of secular advocacy groups, including international nonprofits like Amnesty International, Bread for the World and Greenpeace.

The FCRA Online dashboard of the government gives details of the curbing of the license with nearly two-thirds of around 50,000 accounts either cancelled or not renewed.

The BJP government in 2020, meanwhile, made it mandatory that all licensees  open a designated "FCRA Account" only at the main New Delhi branch of the government-controlled State Bank of India.

An online campaign to revise the controversial bill has drawn thousands of signatures. The campaign argues that foreign donations "play a crucial role in supporting development projects in India, with billions of dollars in aid helping to alleviate poverty, support education, and improve public health."

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Archbishop for the Military Services, USA Timothy Broglio said this week that the ongoing U.S.-Iran war doesn't seem to be legitimate under a just war theory, with the prelate admitting that while military intelligence may have additional information unknown to the public, it was nevertheless "hard" to see how the war could be justified.

The archbishop, who also served as the president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops from 2022 to 2025, made the remarks during an interview with Ed O'Keefe on CBS News's "Face the Nation," set to air on April 5.

O'Keefe during the interview highlighted Saint Augustine's theory of "just war" in which the ancient theologian pointed out that "the causes for which men undertake wars" must be grounded in both peace and necessity. The journalist asked if the Iran war could be justified under that doctrine.

"I would think under the just war theory, it is not," the archbishop said. "Because while there was a threat with nuclear arms, [the war is] compensating for a threat before [the threat itself] is actually realized."

"I would line myself up with Pope Leo, who has been urging for negotiation," Broglio continued. "I realize also that you could say, well, with whom are you going to negotiate? And that is a problem."

"But in the meantime, lives are being lost, both there and also among troops," he said. "So it is a concern."

On March 31 Pope Leo XIV appealed for world peace amid multiple conflicts throughout the Middle East, urging the faithful to pray "for the victims of war ... that there may truly be a new, renewed peace, which can give new life to all."

Earlier, on Palm Sunday, the Holy Father spoke out more strongly against global conflict, arguing that God "does not listen to the prayers of those who wage war."

In his interview on CBS, Broglio pointed to remarks in October of 1965 by then-Pope Paul VI, who in addressing the United Nations decried the "blood of millions" resulting from numerous global conflicts, telling the international body: "Never again war, never again war!"

"Now, so many years later, we're still in this situation," Broglio said. "So I think Pope Leo would definitely support saying that, you know, we have to find a situation where men and women can sit down and find avenues of peace."

"I think war is always a last resort," the archbishop said during the interview.

In January, amid overtures by the U.S. to potentially invade Greenland, Broglio in an interview with the BBC expressed concern that soldiers might be "put in a situation where they're being ordered to do something that is morally questionable."

Speaking to CBS, the prelate acknowledged that a soldier in the military "has to obey [an order] unless it's clearly immoral."

"And then he would probably have to speak to his chaplain, to his chain of command," the archbishop said. "The question might be, would generals or admirals have space to perhaps say, can we look at this a different way?"

"But having spoken to some of them too, they're also in the same dilemma," he said. "So I guess my counsel would be to do as little harm as you can, and to try and preserve innocent lives."

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The Supreme Court will clarify how IQ scores should be evaluated when a death sentence is barred based on an intellectual disability.

The court already ruled in 2002, in Atkins v. Virginia, that executing people with intellectual disabilities violated the Constitution's Eighth Amendment, which prohibits "cruel and unusual punishment," but justices did not define intellectual disability.

In Hamm v. Smith, the court will consider whether Joseph Smith, facing execution in Alabama for the 1998 murder of Durk Van Dam, should be spared because his IQ test scores hover so closely to the threshold of 70 established in the Atkins case. Smith was given several IQ tests ranging from 72 to 78, above the standard threshold of 70, but within the margin of error.

"As long as the death penalty remains on the books in this country, it is essential that these guardrails are upheld to safeguard the most vulnerable among us, including those with intellectual disabilities," said Krisanne Vaillancourt Murphy, executive director of the Catholic Mobilizing Network, an anti-death penalty group based in Washington, D.C. "The surest way to protect the sanctity of life in these instances is to end the practice of capital punishment altogether."

In 2018, Pope Francis updated paragraph 2267 of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, declaring the death penalty "inadmissible" because "it is an attack on the inviolability and dignity of the person." Pope Leo XIV affirmed this, saying that those who are against abortion must also be against capital punishment as they both degrade human life.

Vaillancourt Murphy said the death penalty is more unpopular than ever, mostly because of "young adults who, by and large, oppose the death penalty far more than their older counterparts."

Oral arguments in the case were heard in December 2025. Eighteen states and the Trump administration filed briefs supporting Alabama.

Assistant to the U.S. Solicitor General Harry Graver told the justices that the court's ruling in Atkins had "outsourced the definition of intellectual ability to the states," giving them "significant discretion in defining what it means to be intellectually disabled and what a defendant must do to prove it."

Theresa Farnan, a philosopher on the Ethics and Public Policy Committee of the National Catholic Partnership on Disability, said several conditions should be evaluated to determine an inmate's intellectual ability outside of IQ tests, including their social adaptability and early childhood performance.

"This was clearly a borderline case," Farnan said, noting that Smith could not finish grade school, struggled with reading, and could not keep jobs created for special needs employees. "It's obvious to me he could not grasp the gravity of his crimes. In cases like these, the burden on us as a society is even more pronounced to be radically pro-life."

She said the court may establish a legal precedent in this case in which these holistic evaluations will be used by states in assessing intellectual fitness.

The American Psychological Association with the American Psychiatric Association and the Alabama Psychological Association argued in their amicus briefs that diagnosing intellectual disability requires a comprehensive clinical assessment that goes beyond just IQ test scores. Their briefs clarified that IQ tests are not always definitive.

A decision is expected by July.

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