Catholic News

Pope Leo XIV's lunch with Spain's bishops at the apostolic nunciature in Madrid offered a glimpse of the pope's more informal and humorous side.

Yago de la Cierva, who is overseeing the organization of the pope's trip to Spain, said Leo broke the ice before blessing the meal with a comment that drew laughter from those present.

"He said that before leaving for the trip, he had contacted artificial intelligence to ask: What should the pope say to the Spanish bishops? And artificial intelligence told him: Pope Francis would say ... So he stopped it and said: 'I think there is another pope.' And then artificial intelligence said: 'Ah, that's right, now it's Pope Leo,'" de la Cierva recounted with a smile.

Leo XIV was elected the successor of Peter on May 8, 2025, though artificial intelligence has at times appeared slow to register the change. National Catholic Register journalist Jonah McKeown saw this firsthand when, like many users, he asked ChatGPT, OpenAI's widely used artificial intelligence tool, about Pope Leo XIV.

"There seems to be some confusion with the name, since there has never been a Pope Leo XIV. However, there have been several popes named Leo throughout history," the chatbot responded in one test.

After the joke, the pope — who is no technophobe and has repeatedly encouraged the proper use of artificial intelligence, including in his May 25 encyclical Magnifica Humanitas on the human person in the age of AI — turned to a technological image to deliver a deeper message to the bishops.

"Then he told the bishops that we have another algorithm, and that other algorithm leads us to love people, to accompany them, and to become servants of the word," de la Cierva said.

Shortly after addressing Spain's Parliament in the Congress of Deputies, Pope Leo XIV met with the country's bishops at the headquarters of the Spanish Bishops' Conference, where he called on the Church, "in this time of increasingly drastic polarizations and oppositions," to offer "a witness to unity in diversity."

That communion, the pope said, comes from the awareness that the Church walks with the Lord, "as members of one body." He added that such communion also has "missionary vitality."

"A Church that is interiorly at peace can speak more freely to brothers and sisters of other Christian denominations and other religions, to those who do not believe, to civil authorities, and to all people of goodwill who work for the common good," Leo said.

The pope told the Spanish bishops that their ministry carries a particular responsibility in this work of communion.

"We are called to be a visible sign of communion," he said, first with Christ, then with "the successor of Peter and with the universal Church," as well as with priests, diocesan communities, consecrated life, movements, associations, and every authentic charism given by the Holy Spirit for the common good.

"Your mission calls you to safeguard unity, foster dialogue, heal divisions, and accompany the journey of the people entrusted to your care," he said.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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A major spiritual event in the Czech Republic and the biggest day in the history of the Diocese of Brno drew thousands of people and the attention of national media in one of Europe's most secular societies.

The beatification Mass of two priests killed by the communist regime in Czechoslovakia was not "the Church moralizing" but "an offer of forgiveness and hope," as the martyrs showed that "conscience is not luxury."

That is what Cardinal Michael Czerny said in a homily on June 6 in his hometown of Brno, where, as papal legate for Pope Leo XIV, he declared Jan Bula and Václav Drbola the first beatified of the diocese and the first martyrs of the past totalitarian regimes on the territory of today's Czech Republic. The two will be commemorated annually on June 17 in the Church's liturgical calendar.

"Blessed Jan and Václav call us not to sell truth for comfort or to avoid conflict, not to exchange faith for the approval of others, not to choose silence where witness should be given, not to sacrifice conscience for comfort, career, or conformism," the cardinal stressed.

"These all look like good sense," the prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development admitted, yet they "are really foolish betrayals of human dignity, freedom, and integrity."

The priests Jan Bula (1920–1952) and Václav Drbola (1912–1951) were popular with their parishioners, active in community life, and loyal to the bishops. They were imprisoned without cause and accused of complicity in the killing of three communists, although they were already in prison at the time. They were executed after a staged trial in the early 1950s.

"Their guilt, in the eyes of the regime, did not consist in violence but in the fact that they refused to betray their priestly conscience. They did not wish to become instruments of ideology and repression," the cardinal clarified.

"Each of us is invited to identify with them, with their time and place," he suggested, adding that "when they were martyred, I was a 5-year-old boy with my family who had fled [communist Czechoslovakia] in 1948 and taken refuge in Montreal, Canada."

Czerny was born in Brno 80 years ago and was naturalized in Canada. As he told EWTN News, celebrating Mass for the occasion in his hometown was "very moving."

He even practiced Czech in recent months to read the homily in the Slavic language. The Mass drew 13,000 people and was widely covered by national media in one of the most secular countries in Europe.

Asked by a local outlet whether other Czech priests killed by communists might be beatified, the cardinal responded that "you can assume that it will happen, but we cannot comment," referring to the strict criteria for beatification, which fall to the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints.

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MANILA, Philippines — Catholic Church leaders, various religious congregations, and associations have called for prayers and support for all those affected by the powerful 7.8-magnitude earthquake that struck parts of Mindanao, southern Philippines, on June 8 leaving many communities in fear and uncertainty.

The offshore earthquake severely impacting General Santos City on Mindanao, the Philippines' main southern island. The tremor caused casualties and structural damage and triggered tsunami warnings.

As of this writing, at least 32 people have been killed, 12 are missing, and 200 others have been injured due to building damage and a 1-meter (3-foot) tsunami hitting nearby coasts.

Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos suspended school classes in affected areas of Mindanao and urged people in coastal areas to evacuate immediately. He also assured citizens that the government will provide necessary aid to people in need.

Bishops call for immediate assistance

Expressing his solidarity with victims and all those impacted, Cardinal Jose Advincula of Manila said: "With deep sorrow, I join our brothers and sisters in General Santos City and the surrounding communities who have been affected by the recent earthquake."

He appealed for help for survivors. "In these difficult moments, may we draw strength from our faith and from the solidarity of one another," he said. "I also encourage all people of goodwill to extend whatever assistance they can to those in need."

In addition, Bishop Leo Dalmao of the Prelature of Isabela de Basilan issued a pastoral letter calling for a second collection during Masses on Sunday, June 14. The collection will be sent to Caritas Philippines for relief assistance.

"The prelature joins the nation in prayer for the victims, the injured citizens, displaced families, and those people on the front line," the prelate said.

Catholic Relief Services (CRS), the international humanitarian agency of the Catholic Church in the United States, is coordinating with its partners to assess humanitarian aid in Mindanao.

Churches damaged

At least three parishes in the Diocese of Marbel, which comprises the civil provinces of South Cotabato, Sarangani, and parts of Sultan Kudarat, reported damage following the earthquake.

An outdoor statue of Jesus at the Divine Mercy Shrine in Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, was also partially damaged. The pilgrimage site was temporarily closed due to the earthquake and subsequent aftershocks, shrine authorities said.

At Holy Cross Parish in Calumpang, General Santos City, parts of the church ceiling fell during the tremor, said Brother Jerson Nunez, a member of the Congregation of the Passion of Jesus Christ.

Damage was also reported in some parts of the exterior structure and ceiling of Santa Teresita del Niño Jesus Parish in Tupi, South Cotabato, in Davao Occidental.

Civil authorities are still assessing the impact of the earthquake that was felt in several provinces in Mindanao.

Meanwhile, officials of the Church and local authorities have yet to give a full assessment of the damage in the areas affected.

Calls for prayer

In a separate social media post, Archbishop Alberto S. Uy of Cebu said: "An earthquake reminds us how small, fragile, and vulnerable we truly are."

"Our lives can be taken away in an instant. That is why there is no reason for us to be proud, arrogant, or abusive towards others," he added.

The Archdiocese of Cebu also issued a prayer petition for all to recite in families and churches since June 8. Prayers were also included for authorities, rescuers, and volunteers that they may be guided and given strength, safety, and understanding to help those in need.

"In the aftermath of an earthquake, we all are called to remain strong in faith and express solidarity, support, and compassion to every family affected in Mindanao," Michael Vildal, a Catholic from the Diocese of Marbel, told EWTN News.

"We all unite in prayer for those who have lost loved ones, homes, and livelihoods in compassion, offering comfort and hope to those who are suffering," he added. "It is time to unite in generosity, sharing our blessings with those who have lost so much."

Meanwhile, in a social media post, the Dominican Province of Philippines, the Order of the Preachers, said: "We stand helpless against earthquakes, and we call upon the mighty name of Our Lord Jesus Christ and the power of the Holy Spirit to save us. Please protect our families, our homes, the cities and towns we live in, as well as all the infrastructure within them."

The Conference of Major Superiors in the Philippines also made an appeal.

"In this difficult time, let us come together in prayer for the safety, protection, and healing of all those affected," a statement released on June 8 said. "May the Lord strengthen rescue workers, comfort displaced families, and grant wisdom to leaders and responders as they provide aid and assistance. Let us stand in solidarity with our brothers and sisters in Mindanao — not only through our prayers but also through acts of compassion and support," the press note added.

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Pew Research Center profiled the U.S. adult Catholic convert population and noted some of the differences between converts and lifelong Catholics.

Converts to Catholicism account for 1.5% of U.S. adults. Converts make up 8% of the nation's Catholics, and the remaining 92% of Catholics are "cradle Catholics," who were raised in the faith and still identify with it today.

Pew detailed "key facts about converts to and from Catholicism" in the U.S. drawn from the center's 2023-24 Religious Landscape Study (RLS) and previous pew reports.

The RLS is a study intended to provide estimates of the U.S. population's religious composition, beliefs, and practices. It was conducted from July 17, 2023, to March 4, 2024, with a nationally representative sample of 36,908 respondents.

The survey's margin of error for results for the full sample is plus or minus 0.8 percentage points and had a 20% response rate.

While Catholic converts account for a small share of the country's adult population, the number of converts to Catholicism is on par with, or larger, than the number of Americans who identify with some Protestant groups, including Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and Reformed Christians.

The research found that the most common reason converts joined the faith was due to a Catholic spouse or a desire to get married in the Church. In the U.S., 1 in 4 married Catholics are married to a non-Catholic, including 1% who are married to someone from a non-Christian religious background.

The RLS found that about two-thirds of Catholic converts were of a different Christian tradition before converting.

More than half (59%) of converts told Pew that they were raised Protestant, and 9% were raised in another Christian tradition, such as Orthodox Christianity or the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

About 1 in 5 Catholic converts (22%) did not have any religious affiliation as a child.

Characteristics and practices of cradle Catholics versus converts

Pew noted differences between converts and cradle Catholics, including that converts are more likely than those raised in the faith to be Republican.

Among Catholic registered voters, 60% of converts identified as Republican or leaned toward the Republican Party as of Pew's 2023-24 study. Of lifelong Catholics, 52% said they identify the same.

Of cradle Catholics, 43% identified as Democratic or Democratic leaning, compared with 35% of Catholic converts who reported the same.

Most Catholic converts who responded are white (67%), compared with 20% who are Hispanic, 3% who are Black, and 4% who are Asian.

In contrast, 53% of cradle Catholics are white and 37% are Hispanic.

The research also found that 79% of converts were born in the U.S. and 18% were born outside of the country, compared with 67% of cradle catholics who were born in the U.S. and 30% who were born outside the nation.

Pew also found that Catholic converts attend Mass more regularly than cradle Catholics.

Of adults, 38% of converts attend Mass at least weekly and 58% receive Communion every time they go to Mass, compared with 28% of cradle Catholics who attend at least weekly and 34% who receive Communion every time.

Converts also go to confession slightly more, with 29% reporting they go at least once a year compared with 23% of cradle Catholics.

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Peruvian President José María Balcázar stated on Sunday, June 7, that Pope Leo XIV will arrive in the country on Nov. 10.

When asked — while in the northern city of Chiclayo — about the date of the Holy Father's arrival in Peru, the president replied that the trip "is scheduled to begin on Nov. 10," according to RPP.

However, the Vatican has not yet made an official announcement regarding the apostolic visit, which could also include Uruguay and Argentina.

In April, Cardinal Daniel Sturla, archbishop of Montevideo, Uruguay, stated that the Holy Father might visit Uruguay between "late November and early December."

Pope Leo XIV in Peru

Then-Father Robert Prevost arrived as a missionary in Chulucanas, in the Piura department of northern Peru, in 1985. He remained there until 1986.

He returned to the country in 1988 — specifically to Trujillo, also in northern Peru — where he remained until 1999. He served as a formator and superior for the Augustinians as well as director of studies and rector of the San Carlos y San Marcelo Seminary.

After serving two terms as superior general of the Augustinians in Rome, Pope Francis appointed him apostolic administrator of Chiclayo in November 2014; he became the bishop of that diocese in September 2015. That same year, he acquired Peruvian citizenship.

In April 2020, he was appointed apostolic administrator of Callao and served in that role for one year. Prevost remained in Peru until January 2023, when he was called to work at the Vatican to head the Dicastery for Bishops.

Cardinal Robert Prevost was elected successor of St. Peter on May 8, 2025. In his first words to the world, he included a special greeting to his "beloved Diocese of Chiclayo in Peru."

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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The day after 12 people were wounded by gunfire at a festival in Toledo, Ohio, Bishop Daniel E. Thomas lamented that one of the city's "most beloved community traditions was suddenly shattered by senseless violence."

On the evening of Saturday, June 6, at the 53rd annual Old West End Festival, 12 people were wounded in an apparent dispute between two shooters who have yet to be identified, according to local police.

Police said all 12 injured were in "stable condition" as of Sunday afternoon. Organizers canceled the festival, which was to continue through Sunday.

The shooting took place just a few blocks from Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral during the vigil Mass on the solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ.

Thomas issued a statement on June 7, saying: "For those of us who live in the Old West End, this tragedy is literally close to home."

Despite the "eerie quiet" in the neighborhood Sunday morning following the festival's cancellation, Thomas said the faithful gathered and "carried Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament through the streets of the Old West End in the annual Eucharistic procession."

"The Lord of Life was borne through the very neighborhood that had witnessed violence only hours before," he said. "In that sacred procession, we proclaimed a message radically opposed to hatred and violence: a message of peace, unity, love, and respect for every person."

The bishop said he remembers in prayer "the hundreds of innocent festival attendees whose sense of security was violated."

"While these tragic acts have shaken our neighborhood, they have not shaken our faith in humanity, nor have they shaken our faith in the Lord of Life," he said. "We remain committed to building a culture in which every person is valued, protected, and treated with dignity: a culture not of death but of life."

Thomas also referenced Pope Leo XIV's recent encyclical Magnifica Humanitas, in which the pontiff states that "human rights are inviolable, since they are 'inherent in the human person and in human dignity.'"

Thomas said: "Every act of violence is a failure to recognize the God-given dignity of the human person."

"Together with the people of the Old West End and our 19-county diocese, I lament and decry the indiscriminate violence that has so deeply affected this neighborhood," the bishop wrote, saying: "Gun violence has taken center stage in our community, leaving suffering and fear in its wake."

Investigative Lt. Dan Gerken said at a news conference Saturday that local police, who have not identified the shooters or made any arrests, are reviewing video footage and interviewing witnesses and victims.

"I'm feeling good about where we are right now, but we'll need the community's help. We'll take all the information we can," he said.

"As far as violence, this is over the top," Gerken said. "Twelve people is a lot. This is way over the top."

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Thousands braved torrential rain on Sunday to participate in the 100th Eucharistic procession in Cork, Ireland. Despite coinciding with the city's Munster Hurling Final — one of the showpiece events in Ireland's sporting calendar — the remarkable crowd made its way through the streets of Ireland's second-largest city in a very public display of Catholic faith.

The procession is an established Cork tradition, and it made its way through the city from the North Cathedral to the Grand Parade, the vibrant heart of the city, even if — in the words of Cork Bishop Fintan Gavin — "the weather couldn't have been much worse."

Speaking just before the procession set off, Gavin told EWTN News: "Today we have the unique opportunity to participate in the 100th anniversary of the first Eucharistic procession here in our city. Of course, it really is unique to Cork."

"There'll be people of all ages, from parishes all over the diocese, from our new Irish — someone described them recently as the 'new Corconians' — from all over the world, from the different communities, will join us as we walk with Jesus and the Blessed Sacrament down to Grand Parade."

Organizers estimated the 2026 procession attracted approximately 5,000 people as the Eucharist was carried along the route by Gavin followed by a throng of faithful under a canopy of umbrellas as they braved the unseasonable wind and heavy rain.

In his words to the large gathering, the bishop said of the procession: "It was born in a time when people longed for unity after division, for peace after conflict, and for healing after wounds that were still very raw. The people of Cork wanted Jesus in the Eucharist to be brought through the streets of the city. They wanted to say, in faith, 'Lord, walk with us. Bless our homes. Heal our divisions. Stay with us.'"

He added: "One hundred years later, that prayer has lost none of its urgency. Today our city streets become an aisle. The concrete beneath our feet is blessed by the One who once walked the roads of Galilee and who now walks the streets of Cork."

The bishop said the procession is "the fruit of much prayer, preparation, and mission across our diocese in these past two weeks. Today the procession ends here, but the mission does not. May we go from here with hearts burning too, not simply proud of a tradition we have inherited but with a love for Christ who is with us now and ready to hand on a living faith; not only carrying Christ through Cork today but allowing Christ to carry Cork into tomorrow."

Sheila Kelleher, coordinator of youth ministry in the Cork and Ross Diocese, told EWTN News the event is "a great opportunity for us to come together and show our faith in a very public way, walking through the streets of our city with the Eucharist and bringing Jesus to the people of the city."

"I think to give hope to people and to be able to continue that tradition even today, showing that the Catholic faith is very much still alive, and people of all ages are willing to get involved, from young and old, no matter what your background, whether you're Irish or you are new Irish and all the different faith communities coming together."

In the weeks leading up to the anniversary procession, a series of faith events took place across the Diocese of Cork and Ross to mark the occasion — including the presentation of the relics of the first millennial saint, St. Carlo Acutis.

There were 100 hours of adoration for the 100th anniversary and a two-week diocesan mission led by young people from the Diocese of Cork and Ross as well as a mission from Canada's Catholic Christian Outreach.

The celebration also included special blessings for individuals competing in the Cork City Marathon and for students taking their state exams this summer.

The Eucharistic procession is now one of the longest-running traditions in Cork.

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MADRID — Pope Leo XIV made history Monday by becoming the first pope to address Spain's Congress of Deputies, delivering a forceful appeal to the country's political class to defend human dignity and protect life "from conception to its natural end."

The June 8 address, given before about 700 guests amid tight security, drew a standing ovation that lasted nearly seven minutes, with shouts of "Long live the pope!" echoing through the chamber.

In his speech, Pope Leo warned lawmakers not to subordinate human dignity to "shifting social consensus or the whims of the majority at any given moment," insisting that "every truly just society is built upon the recognition of the inviolable dignity of the human person."

"In this sense, if life ceases to be recognized as a fundamental value, what future can our societies have?" the pope asked. "Can a community that casts into the shadows the unborn child, the elderly, the sick, those who suffer in silence, or those who depend entirely on the care of others be called fully just?"

"The defense of human life is neither a partisan issue nor a confessional interest: it is a goal of civilization," he said.

The pope's remarks came as Spain's socialist-led government has been advancing efforts to enshrine abortion protections in the country's Constitution. Such a reform would require broad parliamentary consensus, including support from the center-right People's Party.

"Every human life must be recognized and safeguarded from conception to its natural end, in every circumstance of its existence," Pope Leo said. "When this certainty is obscured, the most vulnerable are the first victims, and the law loses its deepest meaning: to serve and protect every person."

"For this reason," he added, "the moral greatness of a nation is manifested, above all, in its capacity to accompany, protect and love those lives that are most fragile."

The pope also defended the family as "the primary human reality and the natural foundation of the community," saying that "where the family is upheld, the spiritual and social stability of nations is also strengthened."

"The family will always be the first school of humanity, where one learns, before anywhere else, the basic grammar of living together: welcoming life, caring for others, forgiving, serving and belonging," he said.

Pope Leo drew on Spain's intellectual and Catholic heritage, citing Cervantes, St. Teresa of Ávila, Miguel de Unamuno and the School of Salamanca, especially the 16th-century Dominican friar Francisco de Vitoria.

From that tradition, he said, Spain helped shape "a legal and moral consciousness capable of remembering that authority always entails responsibility and that every human being must be recognized as a subject of rights and duties."

The pope said that legacy remains alive whenever lawmakers ask "how to ensure that what is possible is just, that what is legal is truly humane, and that the will of the majority safeguards those goods that belong to all and respects that which no majority can legitimately violate."

He also cited his recent encyclical "Magnifica Humanitas," published May 25, saying that in an age of artificial intelligence, biotechnology and rapid technological change, political discernment must focus on "the place of the human person in our decision making."

The pope devoted part of his address to migrants and refugees, a major theme of his trip to Spain, which will conclude with visits to Tenerife and Las Palmas in the Canary Islands, a key entry point to Europe for migrants.

"The situation of migrants and refugees calls for a response that focuses on people, addresses the root causes that force them to leave, and goes beyond the mere management of migration flows," he said.

He called for "safe and legal pathways, a respectful welcome and real opportunities for integration," while also promoting "the right to remain in one's own land," so that no one is forced to leave home because of war, insecurity, poverty or the effects of the climate crisis.

Pope Leo also warned that many migrants remain "prey to traffickers and smugglers who take advantage of their desperation," calling for stronger prevention, rescue and assistance efforts.

"No nation can face a challenge of this magnitude on its own," he said.

Turning to global conflict, Pope Leo said the world is undergoing "a profound spiritual and cultural crisis" marked by violence, polarization and mistrust.

"Every war constitutes, ultimately, a painful defeat of the capacity to negotiate and also of that common human consciousness that recognizes bonds of justice among nations," he said.

"Weapons may impose a temporary silence; but they can never build a genuine and lasting peace," the pope said, warning that "in various parts of the world — and in Europe as well — rearmament is once again being presented as an almost inevitable response to the fragility of the international situation."

The pope also warned against the use of artificial intelligence in warfare, saying new technologies in the military sphere require "rigorous ethical oversight, so that decisions regarding life and death are never left to automated systems nor removed from the moral responsibility of the human person."

Addressing Spain's polarized political climate, the pope urged lawmakers to resist contempt for political opponents.

"Political pluralism should not degenerate into the constant disparagement of one's adversary," he said. "In a mature society, even conflict can become a path to peace, when differences are softened by listening and directed toward recognizing the needs, aspirations and capabilities of all."

"Firmness does not require contempt; disagreement does not entail humiliation," he added.

Only two left-wing parties, Podemos and the BNG, which together account for six lawmakers out of more than 600 parliamentarians, chose not to attend the pope's address.

Pope Leo also made a strong appeal for religious freedom, calling freedom of thought, conscience and religion "a fundamental right that protects the most intimate sphere of the person."

"The freedom upon which the contemporary state is built, if it is authentic, recognizes the religious dimension of the human person, respects it and protects it legally," he said. Authentic freedom, the pope added, "ensures that faith is not a reason for which a person has to forfeit his or her contribution to society."

"Faith does not seek to impose itself through privileges or coercion; yet neither can it be silenced as if it were irrelevant to public life," he said.

The pope also defended the sacramental seal of confession, saying it "holds special importance for the Catholic Church" and forms part of the broader sphere of religious freedom.

"To protect it legally, as is done in a similar way in some professions, means preserving a sacred space of inner freedom, where the believer can open his or her soul to God without fear of external pressures," Pope Leo said.

The remarks came shortly after French bishops criticized a June 1 proposal in France's National Assembly that they said could have endangered the seal of confession. The proposal was later withdrawn.

Near the end of his address, the pope invited Spanish lawmakers to "lift your gaze to the world around you," not to escape reality, but to remember that every public decision "affects real people, especially those who have less power to make their voices heard."

"A law does not attain its true greatness merely by having been formally enacted," he said. "It attains it when, in addition to being valid in form, it can stand before the dignity of the person and pass that test without shame."

The pope concluded with a blessing for Spain, praying that the nation "never lose sight of its roots nor the courage to look to the future."

"May Spain continue to be a land of encounter, of culture, of solidarity and of hope," he said. "And may its public life always know how to unite the firmness of convictions with the nobility of dialogue and the greatness of service."

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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One in 4 members of Ireland's Gen Z demographic are expected to be childless by age 45, according to a new report from Dublin's Iona Institute, which promotes marriage, freedom of conscience, and religion in society.

Gen Z generally refers to people born between 1997 and 2012.

Drawing on cohort-level data from the Human Fertility Database (HFD), as well as using demographic modeling, the institute's "Choice or Circumstance? Rising Childlessness in Ireland" report, released in May, charts a huge increase in the number of Irish women who are childless.

Among those born in the late 1950s, only 30.9% were childless by age 30, rising to 63.6% for those born in the early 1990s. This trend suggests 25% of women born in the late 1990s will be childless when they reach age 45.

Breda O'Brien of the Iona Institute told EWTN News that "a huge question is whether this will be by choice or circumstance."

"Much will be unplanned and forced by circumstance, such as the cost of living," she said. "It's worrying and we're sliding into it without too much discussion. Before the 1930s, we had similar rates of childlessness in Ireland, but that was because of extreme poverty, late marriage, and low marriage rates. We're supposed to be in an era where women have every possible choice."

She continued: "The choice to have children, which is fundamental, is being taken away from young women. It's being painted as a kind of freedom. I don't think young women themselves consider it to be a type of freedom, and I think a lot of them are worried about it."

According to Central Statistics Office data, the average man's age at marriage is now nearing 38 and the average woman's age is almost 36.

A 2022 Amarach Research poll for Iona showed that 85% of people want to have at least two children and only 2% expressed a wish for no children.

Births in Ireland have fallen by almost 18% in the last decade, according to Central Statistics Office.

With clear indications that the longer a person delays having children, the less likely he or she will have any, O'Brien said "it's part of the whole growth of individualism and this idea for kids, from the time they're tiny, [that] you get your education, you travel, you have your career in order, you have fun, you don't tie yourself down, and then sometimes in your 30s, you think about settling down. But a lot of women in their mid-30s realize that it is increasingly difficult to conceive."

She added: "The fertility industry is booming, which does show us that people are willing to go to extraordinary lengths to have children, but the life script they've been presented with is actually working against their best interests. Nature has no knowledge of this life script that young people are being presented with."

"The longer you leave it, the more chances there are of miscarriage, of complications in labor, and of medical intervention during birth, if you get that far. So it's not consequence-free," she said.

O'Brien told EWTN News that there needs to be debate about why this is happening as a society. "It is a phenomenon we should discuss far more widely if our aim is to help people achieve their eventual life goals. I think among people of faith, they are still prioritizing children and family, and marriage. The Catholic Church needs to support those young families in every way possible."

She pointed out that having fewer children "has very significant social and economic consequences because of the effects of an aging population and growing loneliness."

The report highlights a series of demographic issues related to childlessness and to Ireland's already-aging population. Lower fertility rates, combined with rising childlessness, mean that the ratio of working-age adults to elderly dependents is set to worsen. Fewer births today mean fewer workers in 20 to 30 years.

O'Brien said: "In Ireland, there's still a degree of respect for older people, but one of the awful possible consequences is that younger people will start to resent older people."

The Iona report highlights the situation where a smaller working-age population will be asked to support a larger elderly population, putting pension sustainability, healthcare, and long-term care provision under growing financial pressure.

The institute's findings also highlight the effect on housing and household-formation patterns. A rise in the proportion of adults who never have children increases demand for smaller dwellings and single-person households.

Additionally, in recent decades, inward migration to Ireland has been an effective and economically rational response in periods of strong demand. However, it is not a response to childlessness.

O'Brien pointed to other countries and the demographic shifts they are facing with an increasing aging population.

"Other countries are further along the road than we are. South Korea, or even Japan, where they're repurposing childcare facilities for eldercare facilities, moving from baby formula to fortified drinks from the elderly, and from producing diapers for children, to producing incontinence products for the elderly — this is not a good road that we're on," she said.

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