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U.S. Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-South Carolina, passed away on July 11 after a "brief and sudden illness," his office said in a statement in the early hours of July 12.

No further details were immediately given regarding the senator's passing. Graham's family "appreciates prayers at this time and asks for privacy during this incredibly difficult period," the statement said.

Graham was 71. He had served in the U.S. Senate since 2003.

Tributes poured in for the late senator overnight through July 12. U.S. President Donald Trump wrote on Truth Social that Graham was "one of the greatest people and Senators I have ever known."

"He was always working, and was a true American Patriot. Lindsey will be greatly missed!!!" Trump said.

Senate Majority Leader John Thune wrote on X that his "heart is heavy" after Graham's passing. He described Graham as "a strong advocate for the United States and a strong ally to freedom-loving countries across the globe."

"He believed in the might of America to achieve good in the world and dedicated his life to advancing that cause," Thune said.

South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster described him in a media statement as "the fiercest of fighters for South Carolina and America" and "a loyal and steadfast friend."

International tributes poured in as well. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he and his wife, Sara, "grieve with the American people" over Graham's passing.

"Lindsey understood that the security of Israel and America are inseparable. He devoted his life to defending America, strengthening our alliance, and standing up for the free world," Netanyahu said.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, meanwhile, said Graham was "a true defender of freedom and the values that make our world safer."

"He visited Ukraine 10 times during the years of Russia's full-scale invasion and was here with our people when it was most needed," he said.

Born July 9, 1955, in Central, South Carolina, Graham attended the University of South Carolina, where he ultimately obtained a juris doctor degree from the university's law school in 1981. He served in the JAG Corps of the U.S. Air Force before working as a lawyer in his home state.

His political career began in 1992 when he was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives. He rose to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1995 and began serving in the U.S. Senate eight years later.

A staunch ally of Trump, Graham was initially a sharp critic of the Republican president before backing him after his victory in the 2016 election. He was a fixture on political news television shows in the later years of his career.

A lifelong bachelor, Graham wrote in his memoir that he "never found time to meet the right girl, or the right girl was smart enough not to have time for me."

A Southern Baptist, Graham was a member of Corinth Baptist Church in Seneca, South Carolina, where he lived. He is survived by his sister Darline and extended family.

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From the Apostolic Palace of Castel Gandolfo, where he moved on July 5 to enjoy a period of rest, Pope Leo XIV has invited the faithful to make time for "meaningful moments of silence and prayer" during the summer.

The pontiff's remarks were made during his Sunday Angelus address on July 12 at Castel Gandolfo, where he will remain until July 27.

Reviving a summer papal tradition

This summer, Leo XIV decided to spend part of it on vacation at the Apostolic Palace of Castel Gandolfo, becoming the first pope to do so since 2012. The residence has been used by the popes as a countryside retreat for over 400 years, and was a preferred vacation spot of Benedict XVI and St. John Paul II.

Pope Francis, however, never left the Vatican during the summer of his 12-year papacy, choosing instead to remain at the Casa Santa Marta and repurpose the papal summer residence at Castel Gandolfo as a museum.

The palace itself is a 17th-century building on the shores of Lake Albano. Although it will be closed to the public during the pope's vacation, the nearby papal gardens will remain open to visitors.

During Leo's vacation, all private and public audiences, including the Wednesday general audience, are suspended. His only public audiences will be the Sunday Angelus, with the only exception so far being his lunch with the poor in the gardens on July 11.

The parable of the sower

Commenting on the Sunday Gospel for the day, which contains the parable of the sower, Leo XIV highlighted "the generosity and trust" with which God puts his word and power in the hearts of believers.

"Jesus himself, the Word made flesh, who gave his life for our salvation, is the seed that the Father continues to sow throughout the world so that, by dying, he may bear much fruit," Leo said in his address.

The pope also explained that, just as in the parable where the seed is planted in different soils, the faithful do not each receive this gift in the same way.

"It is true that sometimes [God] finds in us hard and unresponsive soil, at other times distracted soil, like the beaten path, the rocky ground, or the thorny bushes. Yet there are also moments when he finds receptive and fertile ground, and then miracles of love are set in motion that have the power to transform everything — as we ourselves have no doubt experienced in our own lives."

Leo also reminded the faithful present that God's love "is stronger than our weakness" and that he never stops sowing and believing in them. He also invited them to take advantage of the summer holidays to experience God through silence and prayer.

"Let us therefore resolve, especially during these summer days of vacation, to make room for listening to, reading, and meditating on the Word of God, thereby fostering — together with rest and wholesome recreation— meaningful moments of silence and prayer,"  Leo said.

A renewed appeal for peace

After praying the Angelus, Leo XIV renewed his appeal for peace in war-torn regions, lamenting that "the winds of war are blowing once again in the Middle East, in Ukraine and in many other parts of the world, sowing violence, terror and death."

The pope also urged political leaders to resume dialogue and opt for diplomatic means to stop the escalation of conflicts.

Leo's words come at a time of rising international tension, after the United States and Iran once again became embroiled in a dangerous spiral of attacks. The United States launched new airstrikes against Iranian territory following the Revolutionary Guard's attack on a Cypriot-flagged cargo ship in the Strait of Hormuz.

Finally, the pope, recalling that July 12 is "Sea Sunday," gave a special greeting to sailors, fishermen, and port workers. He praised them for their work despite being "marked by separation from their loved ones and sometimes by fear of the conflicts [that] occur on the seas."

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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Marriage is one of the Catholic Church's greatest paths to holiness. From the first Christian missionaries to modern-day martyrs, married couples have shown that a shared life rooted in faith, sacrifice, and love can become a powerful witness to the Gospel.

Throughout the month of July, the Church celebrates the feast days of several holy husbands and wives whose lives continue to inspire Catholic families today.

Here are four of those couples:

Blessed Joseph and Wiktoria Ulma (Feast day: July 7)

Blessed Joseph and Wiktoria Ulma were a young married couple living in the small Polish village of Markowa during the Second World War. Devout Catholics, they were raising six young children and were expecting a seventh when they made the decision to shelter eight Jewish people in their home after Nazi Germany occupied Poland. They knew the penalty for helping Jews was death, but their Christian faith compelled them to protect their neighbors despite the grave risk.

On March 24, 1944, German police discovered those they were hiding. Joseph and Wiktoria, along with the eight Jews they had sheltered, were executed. The soldiers then murdered each of the Ulmas' six children. During Wiktoria's execution, she went into labor with her seventh child, who also died, making the entire family martyrs.

While they are not saints yet, the Ulmas were beatified together on Sept. 10 2023, becoming the first entire family — including an unborn child — to be beatified as martyrs. Today, they are honored as patrons of families and unborn children.

Sts. Priscilla and Aquila (Feast day: July 8)

Priscilla and Aquila, close collaborators of St. Paul, were among the earliest Christian married couples. Jewish converts to Christianity, they were forced to leave Rome after Emperor Claudius expelled the Jews from the city around A.D. 49. The couple settled in Corinth, where they met Paul, who shared their trade of tent-making. They welcomed him into their home, and together they worked while spreading the Gospel throughout the Roman Empire.

The New Testament frequently mentions the couple together, highlighting the strength of their marriage and shared mission. They traveled with Paul to Ephesus, where they hosted a church in their home, which is also referred to as a "house church." Paul also writes that the couple "risked their necks" for his life — however there is no biblical record of the occasion.

The couple is perhaps best known for mentoring the gifted preacher Apollos, gently explaining the fullness of the Christian faith so that he could become an even more effective evangelist.

Priscilla and Aquila are the patron saints of marriage, love, and strong Christian families.

Sts. Louis and Zélie Martin (Feast day: July 12)

Sts. Louis and Zélie Martin are best known as the parents of St. Thérèse of Lisieux, but their own path to holiness began long before the birth of their famous daughter.

Both initially considered religious life before discerning that God was instead calling them to marriage. They were wed on July 12, 1858, in Alençon, France — the date that would become their feast day.

The Martins endured both profound joy and deep suffering. Of their nine children, four died in infancy or early childhood, while the remaining five daughters all entered religious life. Throughout these trials, Louis and Zélie remained steadfast in prayer, trusting God's providence and making the practice of their Catholic faith the center of family life.

Cardinal Jose Saraiva Martins, the prefect of the Vatican's Congregation for the Causes of Saints at the time of their beatification in Lisieux in 2008, said in his homily: "Louis and Zélie understood that they could sanctify themselves not despite marriage but through, in, and by marriage, and that their nuptials would be considered as the starting point for a mutual rise."

Canonized together on Oct. 18, 2015, by Pope Francis, Louis and Zélie became the first married couple in Church history to be declared saints together.

Sts. Joachim and Anne (Feast day: July 26)

Sts. Joachim and Anne are honored by the Church as the parents of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the grandparents of Jesus Christ. Although they are not mentioned in the canonical Gospels, their story has been preserved through ancient Christian tradition, particularly through the second-century "Protoevangelium of James." According to tradition, the couple was advanced in age and had long suffered the sorrow of childlessness before God answered their prayers with the miraculous conception of Mary.

Today, Joachim and Anne are the patron saints of grandparents, married couples, and families. Their feast is a reminder of the indispensable role parents and grandparents play in passing on the faith to future generations.

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U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham, R-South Carolina, passed away on July 11 after a "brief and sudden illness," his office said in a statement in the early hours of July 12.

No further details were immediately given regarding the senator's passing. Graham's family "appreciates prayers at this time and asks for privacy during this incredibly difficult period," the statement said.

Graham was 71. He had served in the U.S. Senate since 2003.

Tributes poured in for the late senator overnight through July 12. U.S. President Donald Trump wrote on Truth Social that Graham was "one of the greatest people and Senators I have ever known."

"He was always working, and was a true American Patriot. Lindsey will be greatly missed!!!" Trump said.

Senate Majority Leader John Thune wrote on X that his "heart is heavy" after Graham's passing. He described Graham as "a strong advocate for the United States and a strong ally to freedom-loving countries across the globe."

"He believed in the might of America to achieve good in the world and dedicated his life to advancing that cause," Thune said.

And South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster described him in a media statement as "the fiercest of fighters for South Carolina and America" and "a loyal and steadfast friend."

International tributes poured in as well. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he and his wife Sara "grieve with the American people" over Graham's passing.

"Lindsey understood that the security of Israel and America are inseparable. He devoted his life to defending America, strengthening our alliance and standing up for the free world," Netanyahu said.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, meanwhile, said Graham was "a true defender of freedom and the values that make our world safer."

"He visited Ukraine ten times during the years of Russia's full-scale invasion and was here with our people when it was most needed," he said.

Born July 9, 1955 in Central, South Carolina, Graham attended the University of South Carolina, where he ultimately obtained a Juris Doctor from the university's law school in 1981. He served in the JAG Corps of the U.S. Air Force before working as a lawyer in his home state.

His political career began in 1992 when he was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives. He rose to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1995 and began serving in the U.S. Senate eight years later.

A staunch ally of Trump, Graham was initially a sharp critic of the Republican president before backing him after his victory in the 2016 election. He was a fixture on political news television shows in the later years of his career.

A lifelong bachelor, Graham wrote in his memoir that he "never found time to meet the right girl, or the right girl was smart enough not to have time for me."

A Southern Baptist, Graham was a member of Corinth Baptist Church in Seneca, South Carolina, where he lived. He is survived by his sister Darline and extended family.

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Beginning July 13, a new travel show by EWTN Studios will take viewers on a journey to key places where Christianity began. The series, "The Road Less Traveled," is hosted by Dave Stotts and its first season takes place in Türkiye.

Viewers will get a unique look into places like Antioch, the birthplace of Christianity, the underground cities of Cappadocia, Ephesus, Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), and other key spots where the early Church was formed.

Stotts is a longtime on-location storyteller who has spent more than 20 years exploring the world, most notably in his series "Drive Thru History" aired on TBN. With a deep passion for the story of Christianity and how it has spread across the world, he brings viewers face-to-face with the places that have shaped the faith and invites audiences to rediscover the important figures and saints who impacted modern Christianity.

In an interview with EWTN News, Stotts explained that during his time doing "Drive Thru History" he "experienced firsthand the impact that Christian history can have."

"In 'The Road Less Traveled,' we go even further — down forgotten roads and off the beaten path — to come face-to-face with the lives of saints, martyrs, and heroes of the Catholic past. Seeing their witness has the power to ignite our own faith in powerful ways today," he said. "We wanted to explore this history on location and inspire viewers through a fast-paced, adventurous learning experience."

The travel-show host explained that the first season of "The Road Less Traveled" begins "where the Gospel first spread — Syrian Antioch, where believers were first called 'Christians' and where the Cave Church of St. Peter still stands."

"From there, we follow the roads to the underground churches of Cappadocia, then to the breathtaking ruins of ancient Ephesus, where St. Paul's preaching turned the city's paganism upside down. Next, we travel to the seven churches of Revelation and explore each of the letters St. John wrote to them in the Book of Revelation," Stotts explained.

While in ancient Myra, the show uncovers the story of St. Nicholas, the fourth-century bishop whose legacy lives on today as Santa Claus.

Viewers are then taken to ancient Nicaea, where the Church formulated Christianity's most foundational creed.

"Finally, we end the series in ancient Constantinople — present-day Istanbul — where we stand in the breathtaking Hagia Sophia and discover how the Christian faith helped shape history itself," Stotts said.

Recalling one of the most impactful moments he had while recording the series, Stotts spoke about descending nearly 200 feet to the lowest level of Derinkuyu in ancient Cappadocia.

"There we explored what was once a hidden, rock-hewn, cross-shaped church— carved entirely out of volcanic rock," he recalled. "It was inspiring to see the lengths, and depths, that persecuted Christians were willing to go to practice their faith. I came away challenged to live my own faith with that same kind of courage today."

He added: "It can be easy to take the faith we've inherited for granted. But exploring history has the power to give us a fresh appreciation for the faith we practice today."

Stotts said he hopes viewers "will not only see the world-shaping impact of the early Christians but also be inspired to pattern our own lives after their courageous witness."

"The Road Less Traveled" debuts on July 13 and can be watched for free on EWTN+ and on EWTN.com.

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Auxiliary Bishop Carlos Márquez of Caracas, Venezuela, this week underscored the Church's commitment "to be with people" as Venezuela recovers from earthquakes.

"First of all, we are committed to being with people," Márquez told "EWTN News In Depth" on July 10. "Bishops and priests and deacons and religious personnel of all different congregations, we are on the street talking to people, conveying hope, and giving them consolation from all the pain and distress that they are suffering."

"We accompany the pain of our people," he said. "We don't leave them alone."

Márquez said that in Caracas, where he serves, around 20 to 25 churches and parish houses have been destroyed. While he said Caracas has seen "a lot of damage in many buildings," the more heavily affected area is La Guajira.

"La Guajira is the poor diocese of Venezuela," he said. "It's the sister diocese of Caracas. La Guajira was hit really, really bad and they have much, much more damage than we suffer here."

"Though we've been hit by nature, we don't lose our hope because our hope is set on Christ the Lord, and he had victory over death and destruction, and we know that we join him in this pain," Márquez said.

The auxiliary bishop's remarks come as Catholic aid organizations, including Catholic Relief Services (CRS) and Caritas Venezuela, are working together to mobilize relief efforts across the country.

CRS Senior Technical Adviser for Humanitarian Operations John Service told "EWTN News Nightly" on July 10 that CRS and Caritas have channeled their assistance "down to the most affected area, which is La Guajira."

"We've been sending food, water, hygiene materials, and medical supplies," he said. "It's been a massive mobilization, a big effort, and we've been able to get a lot of trucks going. And it's nonstop. Literally in this place where I'm standing right now, which is their main office, we get the materials, we process them, we put them into packages that are easy to deliver, and then the trucks go out daily to these different sites."

Service described the mood on the ground in Venezuela as "sad, frustrated, angry together, and determined."

"The reality is there's quite a big trauma that's hit these populations. They've lost loved ones. They still have loved ones they can't find. So it is a very difficult process for them to come to grips with what's happened," he said.

Service said many Venezuelans faced financial hardship before the earthquakes, depleting the resources they might have used to offset the present crisis.

"People don't have a big safety net," he said.

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The Colombian Bishops' Conference called for the will of the people expressed in the results of the June 21 presidential elections, which saw Abelardo de la Espriella emerge as the winner, to be respected and accepted as a sign of peace for the country.

In the final message of their 121st plenary assembly, the bishops noted the "robust and peaceful participation of the Colombian people" in the elections, describing it as a "clear sign of democratic maturity and of appreciation and respect for institutions."

"We regard respect for and acceptance of the will of the Colombian people, as expressed in the election results, as conditions and signs of peace," they stated in their message, published on July 9.

The bishops lamented that, following the elections, confrontation and division continue to be fueled by violent words and attitudes.

After calling for a "culture of encounter," the bishops' conference urged government leaders to assume "their constitutional responsibility to safeguard and foster unity, the pursuit of the common good in truth and justice, and a national project that includes us all without disregarding what has been built and received as both a legacy and a task."

The bishops' call comes amid the political conflict sparked by President Gustavo Petro's decision on July 6 to reject the runoff election results, citing cyber fraud and claiming that the true winner was his candidate, Iván Cepeda.

On June 25, the National Electoral Council declared de la Espriella the winner of the presidential runoff election.

De la Espriella responded by suspending his team's participation in the official transition process, that is, the handover of information between the outgoing government and the one set to take over the leadership of Colombia on Aug. 7.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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Pope Leo XIV on July 11 expressed a "hunger for justice [and] authentic charity" while attending a lunch with poor people at Castel Gandolfo outside of Rome.

"[I have] a hunger for a Church that truly knows how to open its doors and receive everyone — where there is love for all and no one is an enemy, where we all know how to live out reconciliation, forgiveness, and peace," the pope told the crowd at the lunch, hosted in the gardens of the Borgo Laudato Si'.

Leo pointed out that the historic papal title of "pontiff" means "a builder of bridges."

"Today, we too wish to build a bridge with all of you, with your families, and with the society in which we want to live — but to live with justice, to live where the causes of poverty can be eliminated, where the causes of the injustices that still exist in our world can be removed," he said.

"This is the Church we want to be," he said while thanking the organizers of the lunch, the second such event the pope has hosted since his pontificate began.

"When we gather together, when we experience this spirit of encounter around the table — the very table where Jesus is present with us — we are truly building a different world, a world of hope. Let us strive always to embody this experience of a Church of justice, peace, and love," he said.

Before the pope spoke, Cardinal Fabio Baggio — the incoming pro-prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development — had addressed the gathering.

"At a time when the 'throwaway culture' risks relegating many people to the margins, this place seeks to be a small sign of hope," the cardinal said. "Here, we wish to remind everyone — through our lives rather than just our words — that no one is superfluous in the eyes of God and that every person is a gift to the entire community."

About 200 people facing social vulnerability from the Diocese of Rome attended the lunch with the pope.

On Aug. 17, 2025 the pope hosted a similar lunch with people living in poverty from the Diocese of Albano; he held another such luncheon on Nov. 16 of that year.

This story was first published by ACI Stampa, the Italian-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English. 

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Temptations in a fallen city, memories of a beautiful woman, a poisoned chalice, the attacks of an envious priest, curses from a pagan priest, a rock that won't budge and another that falls on a young monk, a kitchen in flames, a dragon that lurks to devour a fleeing monk, threats from Gothic warlords, and the prospect of a destroyed monastery.

These are some of the attacks that St. Benedict, whose feast the Catholic Church celebrates on July 11, endured throughout his life.

Benedict even had to use force to manifest his authority as abbot over his monks oppressed by the enemy, as related in Father Robert Nixon's book "The Cross and Medal of Saint Benedict: A Mystical Sign of Divine Power" (TAN, 2024):

"Benedict found this monk outside wandering around aimlessly when he should have been in the oratory in prayer. With a certain degree of paternal severity and charitable discipline, he reprimanded him for his lack of wisdom and discernment and struck him with his staff. At this, the monk fell down, motionless. And after that, the devil ... never troubled him again. It was as if the staff of Benedict had not struck the hapless monk but had rather driven away the wicked tempter himself!" (p. 14).

St. Benedict has come to be recognized for the power of his actions against the enemy, alongside St. Michael the Archangel, as a major protector against evil — particularly through the medal that bears his image.

Nixon's book offers an overview of how the medal rose to prominence as a Catholic devotion and received papal approval, couching it within the story of St. Benedict's life and the rise of his order of monks.

The St. Benedict medal

If you've seen the back of a St. Benedict medal, you may have noticed a series of letters. The first set is arranged in and around the shape of the cross: C S P B C S S M L N D S M D. The next set is arranged in a circle around the cross: V R S N S M V S M Q L I V B.

This arrangement first came to serious attention in the year 1647 in relation to the Benedictine Abbey of Metten in Bavaria, Germany, when it was believed to have prevented a series of diabolic attacks.

Although some of the laity already had medals with these letters engraved, no one at the time understood their meaning. It was only in researching the library's manuscripts that a 15th-century illustration of St. Benedict pointed to the full prayer they abbreviated:

"Cross of our Holy Father Benedict. May the cross be light to me. May the dragon not be a leader to me. Get behind me, Satan: Never persuade me to vain things. What you like is evil; may you yourself drink your venom!"

Due to a widespread story of the medal preventing the effect of curses and bringing about exorcisms and healings, which Nixon details in his book, its use spread across Europe, with Pope Benedict XIV approving an official blessing for it and granting it indulgences in 1741.

The great father of modern Benedictine monasticism, Dom Prosper Guéranger, speculated why God would grant so many favors to those who invoke his help through St. Benedict's medal. In an age when "rationalism is so rife," God has deigned to offer help to those "who put their confidence in the sacred signs marked on the medal" with "strong and simple" faith (Guéranger, "The Medal or Cross of St. Benedict," author's preface). It's as if to laugh at the devil and his plans to pull people away from God through the alleged sophistication of the modern world, overcoming them with simple signs pointing us to the cross and the protection of a holy monk.

Of course, the medal should not be used in a superstitious way. It expresses our faith and confidence in God, which conquers the power of the enemy through the blood of Christ. Within God's plan of salvation, there are certain key defenders of God's people. St. Benedict proved himself as one over his own monks in spiritual combat. Through the efficacy of his medal, he has manifested himself as a fatherly defender of all who invoke his help.

Throughout history, the monastic life has served as a constant beacon calling us to greater conversion of life and prayer. Turning to St. Benedict can lead us to embrace some of his spiritual principles, such as humility, obedience, stability, hospitality, the prayerful reading of Scripture in "lectio divina," and viewing our work as a means of honoring God.

While St. Benedict faced trials in his life as a monk, we all face trials and attacks from the enemy in the Christian life. Sacramentals can help us in our journey of faith, including our efforts to keep evil far away.

St. Benedict medals and rosaries with the medal affixed can be purchased at religious gift stores and can be blessed after purchase. Medals are also available at EWTN's Religious Catalogue site.

This story was first published by the National Catholic Register, the sister partner of EWTN News, and has been adapted by EWTN News.

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A second cardinal and a third senior churchman may be rehabilitated this year for mistreatment under the communist regime in Czechoslovakia. The District Court in Litomerice, in what is now the Czech Republic, will consider a proposal for the rehabilitation of Cardinal Štepán Trochta, the former bishop of Litomerice, over his internment between 1950 and 1953.

The public prosecutor asked the relevant authorities to carry out an investigation into the archives and, based on the outcome, found the initiative reasonable. He has already submitted a proposal for the judicial rehabilitation of Trochta over the illegal deprivation of his personal freedom. A date for consideration of the proposal has not yet been set.

"I firmly believe that the name of Štepán Trochta, my predecessor in Litomerice, will be cleared through the courts," said Archbishop Stanislav Pribyl of Prague, who is also apostolic administrator of Litomerice.

The verdict that sent Trochta to prison, handed down in a political trial for "treason and conspiracy," was overturned in 1968, but the Czech courts have not dealt with his earlier illegal internment. The initiative for full rehabilitation came from Jan Kratochvil, director of the Museum of Czech, Slovak, and Ruthenian Exile of the 20th Century, and the lawyer Lubomír Müller.

It is "important to clean his name in this way as well," said Kratochvil, whose family was friends with the prelate.

Salesian, prisoner, cardinal

Štepán Trochta (1905–1974) was one of the first Czech members of the Society of St. Francis de Sales, the so-called Salesians. He studied in Turin, Italy, where he obtained a doctorate in theology. He returned to Czechoslovakia, and when Nazi Germany occupied the country, he was arrested for his contacts with and support for the resistance and was sent to several concentration camps.

He was "ready to work, full of energy, enthusiasm, and willing to work hard." Trochta was also a good organizer and a gifted speaker and writer who "enjoyed being among the boys, even though he gradually had to spend more time in administration," according to "Life and Legacy," a booklet published by the Salesians on the 50th anniversary of the prelate's death.

Shortly before the communists took over in Czechoslovakia, he was appointed bishop of Litomerice. He became the spokesman for the episcopate of Czechoslovakia in difficult negotiations with the new government. In the end, the regime interned him in his residence and later imprisoned him. Although he was released sooner than expected, he was not allowed to continue as a bishop and had to work as a manual laborer.

In 1969, when he was already back in the Diocese of Litomerice, Pope Paul VI created him a cardinal "in pectore" — that is, secretly.

When Trochta died five years later, the funeral was attended by many of the faithful, including cardinals from Berlin, Krakow, and Vienna. Archbishop Karol Wojtyla of Krakow, who later became Pope John Paul II, reportedly asked to concelebrate but was not permitted to do so. Wojtyla then defied the ban on foreign participants speaking, delivering a short address over the coffin in which he called the deceased prelate a martyr. The funeral Mass was celebrated by the Czech bishop and future Cardinal František Tomášek.

A series of Czech rehabilitations

The case may become one more in a recent series of rehabilitations in the Czech Republic.

In February, the District Court of Prague recognized the unjust treatment of Cardinal Josef Beran, the former archbishop of Prague, who was interned in several locations. Last month, the District Court in Olomouc rehabilitated Archbishop Josef Karel Matocha of Olomouc, also over his internment.

In 2024, the Regional Court in Hradec Králové rehabilitated Father Josef Toufar, who was illegally arrested and tortured to death.

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