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Catholic News

Pope Leo XIV speaks at the Monastery of St. Maron in Annaya, Lebanon, location of the tomb of Saint Charbel Makhlouf, on December 1, 2025. / Elias Tirk/AIGAV PoolAnnaya, Lebanon, Dec 1, 2025 / 03:37 am (CNA).Pope Leo XIV began his second day in Lebanon on Monday with a deeply symbolic pilgrimage to the tomb of Saint Charbel Makhlouf, entrusting the country and the wider Middle East to the intercession of the saint whom many Lebanese, Christians and Muslims alike, invoke as the "heavenly physician."The pope traveled roughly 25 miles (40 kilometers) by car from the Apostolic Nunciature in Harissa to the hilltop monastery of St. Maron in Annaya, where thousands of pilgrims come each year seeking healing and consolation. The monastery's archives record nearly 30,000 miracles attributed to Saint Charbel's intercession, including many reported by Muslims, a sign, the pope noted, of Charbel's unique place in Lebanon's spiritual landscape.Pope Leo prayed in silence at the saint's tomb ...

Pope Leo XIV speaks at the Monastery of St. Maron in Annaya, Lebanon, location of the tomb of Saint Charbel Makhlouf, on December 1, 2025. / Elias Tirk/AIGAV Pool

Annaya, Lebanon, Dec 1, 2025 / 03:37 am (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV began his second day in Lebanon on Monday with a deeply symbolic pilgrimage to the tomb of Saint Charbel Makhlouf, entrusting the country and the wider Middle East to the intercession of the saint whom many Lebanese, Christians and Muslims alike, invoke as the "heavenly physician."

The pope traveled roughly 25 miles (40 kilometers) by car from the Apostolic Nunciature in Harissa to the hilltop monastery of St. Maron in Annaya, where thousands of pilgrims come each year seeking healing and consolation. The monastery's archives record nearly 30,000 miracles attributed to Saint Charbel's intercession, including many reported by Muslims, a sign, the pope noted, of Charbel's unique place in Lebanon's spiritual landscape.

Pope Leo prayed in silence at the saint's tomb before being welcomed by Abbot Hady Mahfouz, Superior General of the Lebanese Maronite Order. He then offered a reflection on Saint Charbel's enduring message.

"What does Saint Charbel teach us today?" Pope Leo asked. Despite leaving behind no writings, he said, the hermit of Annaya continues to speak with surprising power. "The Holy Spirit formed him so that he could teach those who live without God how to pray, those immersed in noise how to be silent." Charbel also teaches "those who live ostentatiously how to be modest, and those who seek riches how to be poor."

This message, he added, is addressed to all Christians and "reminds us, bishops and ordained ministers, of the evangelical demands of our vocation."

The pope described the saint's intercession as "a river of mercy," recalling in particular the monthly pilgrimage held every 22nd of the month in memory of a miracle granted to a woman named Nouhad El Chami, a devotion that still draws thousands.

Pope Leo prayed for unity within the Church and for peace in Lebanon and the Levant. "There is no peace without conversion of hearts," he warned. As a sign of entrustment, he offered a lit lamp to the monastery, praying that Lebanon "may always walk in the light of Christ." He concluded by reciting a prayer in French, asking God, through Saint Charbel's example, to grant the Lebanese people faith, inner silence, healing of body and soul, and renewed strength in trials.

Born Yousef Antoun Makhlouf in 1828 in the remote village of Bkaakafra, Saint Charbel is one of the most beloved saints of the Maronite Church. Known from childhood for his devotion and simplicity, he entered the Lebanese Maronite Order in 1851, was ordained a priest in 1859, and later embraced a life of strict solitude at the Hermitage of Saints Peter and Paul near Annaya.

For 23 years he lived in silence, fasting, and continuous prayer. After his death on Christmas Eve in 1898, reports of extraordinary signs around his tomb, including the incorrupt state of his body, drew global attention. He was beatified in 1965 and canonized in 1977 by Pope Paul VI. Today he is venerated worldwide as a model of humility and a powerful intercessor for the sick.

Saint Charbel's tomb lies within the St. Maron Monastery, perched at 1,200 meters above sea level. Founded by the Lebanese Maronite Order, the site grew significantly after Charbel's beatification to accommodate the rising number of pilgrims. A larger church dedicated to the saint was inaugurated in 1974. The monks continue to welcome visitors and maintain the grounds, sustaining themselves through agricultural work, a balance of labor and prayer inspired by the saint they guard.

Pope Leo's visit to Annaya, the first by any pontiff, reinforced the central message of his pilgrimage to Lebanon: a call to conversion, hope, and unity rooted in the spiritual heritage of a country longing for peace — and in the intercession of one of its most beloved saints.

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Pope Leo XIV visits the Monastery of the Carmelite Sisters of the Theotokos in Harissa, Lebanon, on Nov. 30, 2025. / Credit: Vatican MediaCNA Staff, Nov 30, 2025 / 20:30 pm (CNA).Pope Leo XIV concluded the first day of his apostolic visit to Lebanon with a vist to the Monastery of the Carmelite Sisters of the Theotokos in Harissa.Watch LIVE the major events of Pope Leo's apostolic journey Nov. 27 to Dec. 2 at youtube.com/@ewtnnews and follow our live updates of his historic visit:

Pope Leo XIV visits the Monastery of the Carmelite Sisters of the Theotokos in Harissa, Lebanon, on Nov. 30, 2025. / Credit: Vatican Media

CNA Staff, Nov 30, 2025 / 20:30 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV concluded the first day of his apostolic visit to Lebanon with a vist to the Monastery of the Carmelite Sisters of the Theotokos in Harissa.

Watch LIVE the major events of Pope Leo's apostolic journey Nov. 27 to Dec. 2 at youtube.com/@ewtnnews and follow our live updates of his historic visit:

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Pope Leo XIV with Armenian Patriarch Sahak II Mashalian at the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople in Istanbul, Turkey, on November 30, 2025. / Vatican MediaIstanbul, Turkey, Nov 30, 2025 / 04:50 am (CNA).Pope Leo XIV dedicated the final morning of his visit to Turkey on Sunday to strengthening ties with the Armenian Apostolic Church, thanking God for "the courageous Christian witness of the Armenian people throughout history, often amid tragic circumstances."The pope addressed the faithful at the Armenian Apostolic Cathedral in Istanbul, highlighting the deepening relationship between the Catholic Church and the Armenian Apostolic Church and recalling key milestones in their modern ecumenical journey.The visit to the cathedral, seat of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, formed part of a day marked by prayer, dialogue, and reflection as the pope concluded the Turkey leg of his first international apostolic journey, which continues next in Lebanon.Armenians are one...

Pope Leo XIV with Armenian Patriarch Sahak II Mashalian at the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople in Istanbul, Turkey, on November 30, 2025. / Vatican Media

Istanbul, Turkey, Nov 30, 2025 / 04:50 am (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV dedicated the final morning of his visit to Turkey on Sunday to strengthening ties with the Armenian Apostolic Church, thanking God for "the courageous Christian witness of the Armenian people throughout history, often amid tragic circumstances."

The pope addressed the faithful at the Armenian Apostolic Cathedral in Istanbul, highlighting the deepening relationship between the Catholic Church and the Armenian Apostolic Church and recalling key milestones in their modern ecumenical journey.

The visit to the cathedral, seat of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, formed part of a day marked by prayer, dialogue, and reflection as the pope concluded the Turkey leg of his first international apostolic journey, which continues next in Lebanon.

Armenians are one of Turkey's oldest Christian communities, with roots stretching back to the early centuries of Christianity. Their history includes periods of flourishing as well as profound suffering, especially the mass deportations and killings under the Ottoman empire in 1915, which Pope Francis termed a genocide. Today, a small Armenian minority remains in Turkey, centered largely in Istanbul, where the Armenian Patriarchate continues to serve as their spiritual and cultural anchor.

Relations between the Catholic and Armenian Apostolic Churches have grown steadily in recent decades. In 1967, Catholicos Khoren I became the first primate of an Oriental Orthodox Church to visit the bishop of Rome, then Paul VI. Three years later, Catholicos Vasken I and Paul VI signed the first joint declaration between their Churches, urging Christians "to rediscover themselves as brothers and sisters in Christ with a view to fostering unity."

While the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople is autonomous in its internal governance, it recognizes the spiritual primacy of the Catholicos of All Armenians in Echmiadzin. The cathedral remains a central spiritual home for Turkey's Armenian community.

Marking the 1700th anniversary of the First Council of Nicaea, the pope stressed the unifying force of the Nicene Creed. "We must draw from this shared apostolic faith in order to recover the unity that existed in the early centuries between the Church of Rome and the ancient Oriental Churches," he said. Full communion, he added, "does not imply absorption or domination, but rather an exchange of the gifts received by our Churches from the Holy Spirit."

Pope Leo also honored Armenian saints, especially the 12th-century Catholicos and poet Nerses IV Shnorhali. "May the example of Saint Nerses inspire us and his prayer strengthen us on the path to full communion," he said, noting the recent commemoration of the 850th anniversary of Shnorhali's death.

Patriarch Sahak II Mashalian welcomed the pope to the cathedral for a program that included prayer, liturgical chanting, a welcome address, the pope's remarks, an exchange of gifts, a blessing, and a final hymn. The pope concluded the visit by blessing a commemorative plaque at the cathedral entrance.

Liturgy with Bartholomew

Later in the day, Pope Leo XIV moved to the Orthodox Patriarchal Church of Saint George for the Divine Liturgy of the feast of Saint Andrew, patron of the Ecumenical Patriarchate and of Turkey. He addressed the faithful, acknowledging unresolved tensions between Christian Churches. "There are still obstacles preventing us from achieving full communion. Nevertheless, we must not relent in striving towards unity," he said, urging all Orthodox Churches to participate actively in this effort.

The pope also addressed global challenges, calling Christians to be peacemakers amid war and unrest. "Peace must be sought through prayer, penance, contemplation and nurturing a living relationship with the Lord," he said. He appealed for renewed care for creation, warning that the ecological crisis demands "spiritual, personal and communal conversion."

Speaking about technology, he encouraged Catholics and Orthodox to cooperate "in promoting their responsible use… ensuring their benefits are not reserved to a small number of people or the interests of a privileged few."

He ended with a broad call to collaboration: "All Christians, the members of other religious traditions, and all men and women of good will can cooperate harmoniously in working together for the common good."

After the liturgy, Pope Leo XIV gave an ecumenical blessing with Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I. The two were scheduled to have lunch before a farewell ceremony for the pope at Atatürk Airport. He was then scheduled to depart for Lebanon, continuing a journey marked by efforts to deepen Christian unity and renew the shared responsibility flowing from the Nicene faith.

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Pope Leo XIV leads a Mass at the Volkswagen Arena as part of his apostolic journey to Turkey and Lebanon, in Istanbul on Saturday, Nov. 29, 2025 / Credit: ANDREAS SOLARO / GettyCNA Staff, Nov 29, 2025 / 19:10 pm (CNA).Pope Leo XIV finished the third day of his apostolic journey to Turkey and Lebanon with a Mass at Volkswagen Arena, a venue in Istanbul's Maslak neighborhood. The Holy Father marked the day in part by joining Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I for a declaration pledging continued dialogue aimed at restoring full communion between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches. The two leaders also participated in a Doxology together. Watch LIVE the major events of Pope Leo's apostolic journey Nov. 27 to Dec. 2 at youtube.com/@ewtnnews and follow our live updates of his historic visit:

Pope Leo XIV leads a Mass at the Volkswagen Arena as part of his apostolic journey to Turkey and Lebanon, in Istanbul on Saturday, Nov. 29, 2025 / Credit: ANDREAS SOLARO / Getty

CNA Staff, Nov 29, 2025 / 19:10 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV finished the third day of his apostolic journey to Turkey and Lebanon with a Mass at Volkswagen Arena, a venue in Istanbul's Maslak neighborhood.

The Holy Father marked the day in part by joining Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I for a declaration pledging continued dialogue aimed at restoring full communion between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches. The two leaders also participated in a Doxology together.

Watch LIVE the major events of Pope Leo's apostolic journey Nov. 27 to Dec. 2 at youtube.com/@ewtnnews and follow our live updates of his historic visit:

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The flights for Pope Leo XIV's first apostolic journey are taking place aboard an ITA Airways Airbus A320neo, one of thousands of Airbus planes affected by a computer issue, Saturday, Nov. 29, 2025. / Credit: Daniel Ibanez/EWTN News.CNA Staff, Nov 29, 2025 / 08:30 am (CNA).The papal plane set to fly Pope Leo XIV from Turkey to Lebanon on Sunday is one of thousands of Airbus A320 aircraft affected by a computer issue.Around 6,000 Airbus planes were grounded this weekend after it was discovered that intense solar radiation could interfere with onboard flight control computers, according to the BBC. For most of the affected aircraft, the issue could be resolved with a software update, but around 900 planes, including the papal plane, needed onboard computers physically replaced.According to Director of the Holy See Press Office Matteo Bruni, a plane arrived in Istanbul from Rome on Saturday with a technician and the replacement computer for Pope Leo's ITA Airways A320neo.&nbs...

The flights for Pope Leo XIV's first apostolic journey are taking place aboard an ITA Airways Airbus A320neo, one of thousands of Airbus planes affected by a computer issue, Saturday, Nov. 29, 2025. / Credit: Daniel Ibanez/EWTN News.

CNA Staff, Nov 29, 2025 / 08:30 am (CNA).

The papal plane set to fly Pope Leo XIV from Turkey to Lebanon on Sunday is one of thousands of Airbus A320 aircraft affected by a computer issue.

Around 6,000 Airbus planes were grounded this weekend after it was discovered that intense solar radiation could interfere with onboard flight control computers, according to the BBC.

For most of the affected aircraft, the issue could be resolved with a software update, but around 900 planes, including the papal plane, needed onboard computers physically replaced.

According to Director of the Holy See Press Office Matteo Bruni, a plane arrived in Istanbul from Rome on Saturday with a technician and the replacement computer for Pope Leo's ITA Airways A320neo. 

Leo is scheduled to take a two-hour flight from Istanbul to Beirut around midday on Nov. 30 for the second leg of his apostolic journey to Turkey and Lebanon.

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Pope Leo XIV and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople sign a joint declaration at the Palace of the Ecumenical Orthodox Patriarchate in Istanbul, Turkey, on November 29, 2025. / Vatican MediaIstanbul, Turkey, Nov 29, 2025 / 10:07 am (CNA).Pope Leo XIV and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople said on Saturday they are "deeply alarmed by the current international situation," issuing a joint appeal for peace.The appeal took place during the pope's first international trip, a journey that has taken him to Turkey and will continue on to Lebanon.The two leaders signed a joint declaration at the Palace of the Ecumenical Orthodox Patriarchate in Istanbul. The text rejects the use of religion to justify violence, urges global efforts toward peace, supports cooperation among believers of different faiths, and entrusts a suffering world to God with renewed hope in the Holy Spirit.The pope and the patriarch, who is considered first among equals among Easter...

Pope Leo XIV and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople sign a joint declaration at the Palace of the Ecumenical Orthodox Patriarchate in Istanbul, Turkey, on November 29, 2025. / Vatican Media

Istanbul, Turkey, Nov 29, 2025 / 10:07 am (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople said on Saturday they are "deeply alarmed by the current international situation," issuing a joint appeal for peace.

The appeal took place during the pope's first international trip, a journey that has taken him to Turkey and will continue on to Lebanon.

The two leaders signed a joint declaration at the Palace of the Ecumenical Orthodox Patriarchate in Istanbul. The text rejects the use of religion to justify violence, urges global efforts toward peace, supports cooperation among believers of different faiths, and entrusts a suffering world to God with renewed hope in the Holy Spirit.

The pope and the patriarch, who is considered first among equals among Eastern Orthodox bishops, reaffirmed their shared commitment to dialogue aimed at restoring full communion between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Churches. Calling Christian unity a gift from God, they encouraged clergy and faithful to pray and work for the fulfillment of Christ's prayer "that they may all be one."

Marking the 1700th anniversary of the First Council of Nicaea, they pointed to the Nicene Creed as a shared foundation of faith and expressed hope for a future common celebration of Easter. They recalled with gratitude the 60th anniversary of the lifting of mutual excommunications in 1965 by St. Paul VI and Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras I, and called for renewed courage in pursuing dialogue.

Acknowledging the obstacles that still hinder full communion, Leo and Bartholomew said they remain committed to addressing them through theological exchange and fraternal encounter.

In their declaration, they appealed to civil and political leaders to "do everything possible to ensure that the tragedy of war ceases immediately," and asked all people of good will to join them in this plea. They encouraged efforts to build a just and supportive society and to care for creation, insisting that only such shared responsibility can overcome indifference, domination, greed, and xenophobia.

Earlier in the day, Pope Leo joined Patriarch Bartholomew for a Doxology, a liturgical prayer of praise to God, at Saint George's Ecumenical Orthodox Patriarchal Church in Istanbul. The pope said he felt "great emotion" upon entering the historic church, noting that he was mindful of the gestures of his predecessors and grateful for the friendship he has shared with Bartholomew since the beginning of his ministry as bishop of Rome.

The Ecumenical Patriarchate, based in Istanbul, is recognized as the central coordinating seat of the Orthodox Church. Patriarch Bartholomew I, widely known for his leadership in ecumenical dialogue and environmental advocacy, is considered the 270th successor of St. Andrew.

On Saturday morning, the pope also met privately with leaders of Christian Churches in Turkey at the Syriac Orthodox Church of Mor Ephrem in Istanbul, where he was welcomed by the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch Ignatius Aphrem II. Concluding the meeting, he reflected on the significance of the Council of Nicaea and the Gospel of the Incarnation, calling the assembled leaders to prayer, unity, and renewed evangelization. He invited them to journey together toward the 2033 Jubilee with the hope of advancing toward full communion, inspired by the motto In Illo Uno Unum ("Unity in the One").

Mor Ephrem, located in Yesilköy, is the first church to be built in Turkey since the founding of the Republic. Construction began nearly a decade before its inauguration in 2023, but was slowed by administrative delays, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the 2023 earthquake.

During the gathering, a choir sang an invocation to the Holy Spirit before the leaders sat together at a round table for a closed-door exchange. Each offered brief remarks, followed by the pope's address. The Patriarchal Vicar led the Lord's Prayer before the pope's departure.

The Syriac Orthodox Church, headquartered in Damascus, Syria, numbers around two million faithful worldwide, and its patriarch plays an important role in ecumenical relations.

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Pope Leo XIV celebrates Mass at the Volkswagen Arena in Istanbul, Turkey, on November 29, 2025. / Screenshot: Vatican MediaIstanbul, Turkey, Nov 29, 2025 / 11:20 am (CNA).Pope Leo XIV marked the start of Advent on Saturday with an appeal for unity and peace, telling thousands gathered for Mass in Istanbul that Christians "journey as if on a bridge that connects earth to Heaven," keeping their eyes "fixed on both shores" until they are united "in the house of the Father."The pope celebrated Mass on Nov. 29 at the Volkswagen Arena, a large multipurpose venue within Istanbul's Uniq cultural complex. The liturgy, held on the eve of the Feast of St. Andrew, patron of Turkey, took place during the third day of his first international apostolic trip, which has brought him to Turkey and will soon continue on to Lebanon.In his homily, the pope reflected on the beginning of Advent, saying it prepares believers "to experience anew at Christmas the mystery of Jesus, the Son of God, begotte...

Pope Leo XIV celebrates Mass at the Volkswagen Arena in Istanbul, Turkey, on November 29, 2025. / Screenshot: Vatican Media

Istanbul, Turkey, Nov 29, 2025 / 11:20 am (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV marked the start of Advent on Saturday with an appeal for unity and peace, telling thousands gathered for Mass in Istanbul that Christians "journey as if on a bridge that connects earth to Heaven," keeping their eyes "fixed on both shores" until they are united "in the house of the Father."

The pope celebrated Mass on Nov. 29 at the Volkswagen Arena, a large multipurpose venue within Istanbul's Uniq cultural complex. The liturgy, held on the eve of the Feast of St. Andrew, patron of Turkey, took place during the third day of his first international apostolic trip, which has brought him to Turkey and will soon continue on to Lebanon.

In his homily, the pope reflected on the beginning of Advent, saying it prepares believers "to experience anew at Christmas the mystery of Jesus, the Son of God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father." Drawing on the first reading from Isaiah (Is 2:1–5), he invited the faithful "to ascend the mountain of the Lord," which he described as an image of divine light and peace.

Leo pointed to two key images in the reading. The first was the mountain "established as the highest of the mountains," which he said reminds Christians that God's gifts "are a gift not only for us, but for everyone." He cited examples of evangelizing witness: St. Peter meeting Christ through St. Andrew's enthusiasm, and St. Augustine coming to the faith through St. Ambrose. Recalling a line from St. John Chrysostom—"The miracle happens and passes, but the Christian life remains and continually edifies"—he urged the faithful to "keep watch" with prayer, charity, and spiritual vigilance.

The second image was the prophet's vision of peace: "They shall beat their swords into plowshares… neither shall they learn war any more." The pope said the message is especially urgent today, calling the Church to be a sign of reconciliation in a world marked by conflict.

Turning to the theme of bridges, Leo noted that the logo for his visit to Turkey features the Bosporus Bridge, which joins Asia and Europe. He said the image points to three essential "bridges of unity": within the Catholic community, in relations with other Christians, and in dialogue with other religions.

The pope highlighted the four Catholic traditions present in Turkey—Latin, Armenian, Chaldean, and Syriac—calling them "a catholicity that unites." Unity, he said, "needs care, attention, and maintenance." Quoting Christ's prayer "that they may all be one," he appealed again for Christian unity and encouraged believers to be peacemakers.

The diversity of Turkey's Catholic community was visible in the liturgy. A choir of about 200 members represented the country's four rites. Scripture readings and prayer intentions were offered in Turkish, Aramaic, Syriac, English, Armenian, and Arabic, reflecting the multilingual and multicultural character of local Catholics.

On Sunday afternoon, the pope will depart Turkey for the second leg of his apostolic journey in Lebanon. Before leaving Istanbul, he is scheduled to participate in several ecumenical events in the morning.

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null / Lisa Missenda / ShutterstockDenver, Colorado, Nov 29, 2025 / 12:36 pm (CNA).The First Sunday of Advent 2025 is tomorrow, Nov. 30, less than four weeks before Christmas this year, and while the Church provides this time to allow you to be caught by the joy of the Incarnation, you can be easily caught by surprise that it is Christmas. To help remedy this surprise, the Church provides songs, signs, and symbols to enter into the season of Advent more fruitfully.Here are three ways the Church teaches us about the meaning of the season:Advent hymnsMany of the customary hymns for Advent highlight the movement of the soul toward what Pope Francis termed in a homily on Advent as a "horizon of hope." No hymn epitomizes this better than "O Come, O Come Emmanuel," with its overtones of expectation and its mournful remorse over the state of man, captive to sin. The cultivation of hope and expectation is also seen in Advent hymns such as "O Come Divine Messiah" and "People Look East."...

null / Lisa Missenda / Shutterstock

Denver, Colorado, Nov 29, 2025 / 12:36 pm (CNA).

The First Sunday of Advent 2025 is tomorrow, Nov. 30, less than four weeks before Christmas this year, and while the Church provides this time to allow you to be caught by the joy of the Incarnation, you can be easily caught by surprise that it is Christmas. To help remedy this surprise, the Church provides songs, signs, and symbols to enter into the season of Advent more fruitfully.

Here are three ways the Church teaches us about the meaning of the season:

Advent hymns

Many of the customary hymns for Advent highlight the movement of the soul toward what Pope Francis termed in a homily on Advent as a "horizon of hope." No hymn epitomizes this better than "O Come, O Come Emmanuel," with its overtones of expectation and its mournful remorse over the state of man, captive to sin. The cultivation of hope and expectation is also seen in Advent hymns such as "O Come Divine Messiah" and "People Look East." 

The commingled darkness and hope that God will fulfill his promises, a theme characteristic of Advent, deepens with songs like the Spanish carol "Alepun." The lyrics of "Alepun" move the faithful into an experience of waiting with a pregnant Blessed Virgin Mary while the rhythm and percussion evoke donkey hooves clattering across the plains of Israel to Bethlehem.

Church decor

Advent is a season of penance marked by joy and, in many ways, a little Lent. This is why the colors of purple and pink — with their ties to penance and the Lord's Passion, and the joy of Laetare Sunday when Lent is almost over — are the colors of Advent. But did you know that the deep purple of Advent has a blue hue to it to teach the faithful in symbol about the Marian heart of the season?

The lack of church decor also teaches about the penitential nature of the season. In the weeks leading up to Christmas, the lack of flowers on the altar, the restrained use of instruments, and the absence of the resounding and angelic Gloria all lead to a deliberate emptiness.

The emptiness will first be filled on the solemnity of the Immaculate Conception, and, later, flowers will be allowed on Gaudete Sunday as the first expression of the festivity of the coming Christmas.

Saints and solemnities 

Following the solemnity of Christ the King, Advent begins with echoes of the power of Christ coming in glory before it stretches forward to the humble beginnings of the mystery of the Incarnation.

This means there is a certain focus the Church helps people enter into even in the way the liturgical calendar is marked by very few memorials of saints: just five in the course of the four weeks, most of whom are deeply embedded in the celebration of and preparation for Christmas in various countries.

St. Nicholas is the best known of the five: the generous bishop whose gifts inspired generations of lore and giving. St. Lucy, whose desire to give charity to prisoners in the catacombs meant she wore candles in her hair to free her hands, is another well-known saint with connections to Christmas whom we celebrate in Advent.

The Church also shows forth the importance of Mary during this season, which places her Immaculate Conception on Dec. 8, a solemnity and holy day of obligation, at the very beginning of the liturgical year. Combined with the feast day of Our Lady of Guadalupe on Dec. 12, the Church shows forth what God has wrought in a soul full of grace — a foreshadowing of the entire mystery of salvation in one soul.

Though there are many more signs and symbols that communicate the meaning of Advent, these can assist you as you enter the season of expectation, building anticipation for the celebration of Christmas so it doesn't catch you by surprise.

This article was first published on Nov. 28, 2022, and has been updated.

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Seminarians at St. Paul's Major Seminary on the Indonesian island of Flores. / Credit: St. Paul's Major Seminary, Flores, IndonesiaEWTN News, Nov 29, 2025 / 07:00 am (CNA).Roughly 500 miles east of Bali lies the island of Flores, a vocational powerhouse that supplies seminarians not only to Indonesia but also to Catholic communities around the world. Catholicism first arrived here in the 16th century, when Portuguese spice traders brought missionaries to the rugged, mountainous island. Today, the faith is deeply rooted, with more than 80% of the island's 2 million people being Catholic.Flores hosts several seminaries, most clustered around Maumere on the island's northern coast. Religious congregations including the Society of the Divine Word (SVD), the Somascan Fathers, the Rogationists, the Vocationists, and the Carmelites all operate seminaries there, creating a dense network of vocational formation rarely found elsewhere in Asia.Archbishop Paulus Budi Kleden, SVD, of Ende a...

Seminarians at St. Paul's Major Seminary on the Indonesian island of Flores. / Credit: St. Paul's Major Seminary, Flores, Indonesia

EWTN News, Nov 29, 2025 / 07:00 am (CNA).

Roughly 500 miles east of Bali lies the island of Flores, a vocational powerhouse that supplies seminarians not only to Indonesia but also to Catholic communities around the world. Catholicism first arrived here in the 16th century, when Portuguese spice traders brought missionaries to the rugged, mountainous island. Today, the faith is deeply rooted, with more than 80% of the island's 2 million people being Catholic.

Flores hosts several seminaries, most clustered around Maumere on the island's northern coast. Religious congregations including the Society of the Divine Word (SVD), the Somascan Fathers, the Rogationists, the Vocationists, and the Carmelites all operate seminaries there, creating a dense network of vocational formation rarely found elsewhere in Asia.

Archbishop Paulus Budi Kleden, SVD, of Ende and a native of Flores, stressed the island's importance not just for the Indonesian Church but for dioceses and religious congregations worldwide.

"Many of the alumni of these seminaries are working outside the country," he noted, highlighting the island's contribution to the global clergy. A thriving minor seminary system also feeds this pipeline, which currently has 650 students enrolled at the junior and senior high school level.

"Once the students finish their school, they can opt for dioceses or different congregations," Kleden explained. "We do not limit their choice."

Pope Francis alluded to Flores' reputation in a 2022 homily on religious life, joking about how some congregations look "to an island in Indonesia" when searching for vocations. The remark, made in a broader reflection on renewal in consecrated life, subtly acknowledged the island's global significance as a source of seminarians.

A notable institution on Flores is St. Paul's Major Seminary, perched on the hilltop of Ledalero and founded in 1937 by Divine Word missionaries. It began with SVD novices but soon welcomed local youth called to the priesthood as well as students from other religious orders. To date, the seminary has formed nearly 1,500 SVD missionary priests, with around 500 serving in more than 70 countries worldwide.

Seminarians at St. Paul's Major Seminary on the island of Flores in Indonesia bond over a group evening activity. Credit: St. Paul's Major Seminary
Seminarians at St. Paul's Major Seminary on the island of Flores in Indonesia bond over a group evening activity. Credit: St. Paul's Major Seminary

At Ledalero, seminarians study philosophy for four years, followed by two years of theology, and complete one to two years of pastoral service before ordination. Those who discern that priesthood is not their calling can leave the program at any time and earn a bachelor's degree from the nearby Ledalero Catholic School of Philosophy.

According to Father Sefrianus Juhani, SVD, a professor at St. Paul's Major Seminary, religious vocations remain "quite dynamic." He noted that annual intake after the novitiate almost never falls below 50, which he sees as proof that the vocation spirit is still very much alive in Indonesia despite cultural and social challenges.

But quantity is never the seminary's priority. Juhani stressed that Ledalero's formation aims to shape emotionally mature, disciplined, and spiritually grounded men — priests who are honest and passionate, ready to serve, not to seek fame or social status. The path is long and demanding, he admitted, "but the aim never changes."

Juhani pointed to the digital world as a major challenge for seminarians. "Our seminarians live in a fast-paced information environment," he said. "Often this environment propagates disinformation, fake news, and a shortsighted mindset." Such influences, he believed, make it harder for young men to cultivate silence and reflection, which are essential for spiritual growth.

To protect this interior space, the seminary enforces strict limits on electronics, with Wi-Fi available only during certain hours — a policy designed not to punish but to teach self-regulation and spiritual focus. "Some try to bend the rules," Juhani admitted, "but we view it as part of their character formation and personal responsibility."

Finances pose another challenge. With more than 320 seminarians, resources are often stretched thin. Priests and brothers contribute everything they earn, from teaching to small agricultural projects, while families support the seminary however they can.

Even so, funding rarely meets needs. While seminarians are given monthly stipends, they must still manage their own finances and, if they feel they need more, they work the fields for it. To develop economic self-reliance, the community harvests from its own gardens while raising pigs and chickens for food.

The seminarians come from a wide range of family backgrounds. "Some come from well-off families, others from humble ones," Juhani noted. Some grew up as an only child, others among many siblings.

This diversity, he said, actively enriches priestly formation. Living and studying together teaches seminarians to build "cross-cultural, cross-lingual, and interpersonal brotherhood," a solidarity that becomes central to their priestly identity.

A seminarian conducts pastoral activities at a local school on the island of  Flores, Indonesia. Credit: St. Paul's Major Seminary
A seminarian conducts pastoral activities at a local school on the island of Flores, Indonesia. Credit: St. Paul's Major Seminary

Daily life at Ledalero follows a disciplined rhythm of prayer, study, and work. Mornings begin with meditation and Mass before moving into lectures, writing assignments, and manual labor that instills "responsibility, teamwork, and humility." Seminarians cook their own meals and spend evenings participating in choir, writing workshops, and cultural clubs, developing the confidence, creativity, and social skills essential for future pastoral work.

Weekends pull the seminarians into the wider community — mentoring youth, staying with village families, visiting prisoners and patients living with HIV. Their formation is not confined to classrooms. Seminarians are active in environmental advocacy, joining protests against mining projects and helping residents articulate their concerns through print media.

When Mount Lewotobi erupted in July and again in October, Ledalero's students were on the ground, assisting in evacuation and relief efforts. These encounters, Juhani noted, are designed to cultivate a spirit of service and solidarity, placing seminarians with the people they hope to serve in the years ahead.

Seminarians help victims of Mount Lewotobi's eruption on the island of Flores in July 2025. Credit: St. Paul's Major Seminary
Seminarians help victims of Mount Lewotobi's eruption on the island of Flores in July 2025. Credit: St. Paul's Major Seminary

"Ledalero is not just a place to learn theology but a school of life," Juhani said. The simple, brotherly, and inquisitive community life has made Ledalero a living, breathing center of formation in Indonesia.

Each year, new young men arrive with different stories, different dreams, and the same desire to serve something larger than themselves. In their early morning prayers, their long days of study, and their shared meals cooked over simple stoves, they carry forward a vocation that refuses to fade.

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Pope Leo XIV greets children outside of the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit in Istanbul, Turkey, on Nov. 28, 2025, the second day of his apostolic journey to Turkey and Lebanon. / Credit: Vatican Media.CNA Staff, Nov 28, 2025 / 00:12 am (CNA).The second day of Pope Leo XIV's apostolic journey to Turkey is focused on praying with the Christian community. Watch LIVE the major events of this trip at youtube.com/@ewtnnews and follow our live updates of his historic visit:

Pope Leo XIV greets children outside of the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit in Istanbul, Turkey, on Nov. 28, 2025, the second day of his apostolic journey to Turkey and Lebanon. / Credit: Vatican Media.

CNA Staff, Nov 28, 2025 / 00:12 am (CNA).

The second day of Pope Leo XIV's apostolic journey to Turkey is focused on praying with the Christian community. Watch LIVE the major events of this trip at youtube.com/@ewtnnews and follow our live updates of his historic visit:

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