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Mikal Mahdi. / Credit: Federal Public Defenders (proof), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Washington, D.C. Newsroom, May 12, 2025 / 18:06 pm (CNA).
Lawyers who represent the recently executed Mikal Mahdi are alleging that the South Carolina Department of Corrections (SCDC) "botched" their client's firing squad execution, which caused him to scream out in pain and remain conscious for nearly one minute until he eventually died.
Mahdi, who was convicted of murdering a police officer and a convenience store worker, died on April 11 at age 42 in South Carolina's second firing squad execution in the state's history, both of which occurred this year just five weeks apart.
Although firing squad executions in the United States are extremely rare, the state legalized this method of execution, along with executions by the electric chair, in 2021 amid shortages of the drugs needed for lethal injections. Death row inmates can now choose whether to die by firing squad, lethal injection, or the electric chair, according to current state law.
According to a status report filed by Mahdi's lawyers, the autopsy and eyewitness accounts of his death raise several questions about the execution. They note there are only two entrance wounds, despite three shots reportedly being fired, and allege that the shots "largely missed his heart," which resulted in an unnecessarily prolonged death.
The status report notes that Mahdi screamed and groaned immediately after he was shot and a second time nearly a minute after the shots were fired. Mahdi's lawyers said in the filing that his death was "far from painless and far from humane."
"The autopsy confirms what I saw and heard," David Weiss, one of Mahdi's lawyers, said in a statement. "Mikal suffered an excruciating death. We don't know what went wrong, but nothing about his execution was humane. The implications are horrifying for anyone facing the same choice as Mikal. South Carolina's refusal to acknowledge their failures with executions cannot continue."
Mahdi's autopsy listed his cause of death as "multiple gunshot wounds to the chest." It states that there are only two entrance wounds but that "it is believed" one of the gunshot wounds "represents two gunshot wound pathways," which would indicate three bullets entered his body.
However, an analysis of the autopsy by Arden Forensics commissioned by Mahdi's lawyers expressed doubt that three gunshots would leave only two entrance wounds, stating that the "passage of more than one bullet through a typical entrance wound is virtually unheard of."
"We currently have no evidence to explain why there were two, rather than three, entrance wounds," Jonathan Arden, who provided the analysis, said.
Although the autopsy found that the bullets struck Mahdi's heart, Arden's analysis states, "the entrance wounds were at the lowest area of the chest, just above the border with the abdomen, which is not an area largely overlying the heart." It notes that the downward trajectory of the bullets, found in the autopsy, suggests "the heart might not be injured severely (or even at all)."
"The forensic medical evidence and the reported eyewitness observations of the execution corroborate that Mr. Mahdi was alive and reacting longer than was intended or expected," he continued. "Mr. Mahdi did experience excruciating conscious pain and suffering for about 30 to 60 seconds after he was shot."
A spokesperson for SCDC disputed the narrative from Mahdi's lawyers, telling CNA that "all three weapons fired simultaneously, and all three bullets struck Mahdi," adding: "Two bullets followed the same trajectory."
"All three bullets struck Mahdi's heart, per the autopsy report," the spokesperson said.
The spokesperson added that "multiple fragments were removed from Mahdi's body," "the autopsy report shows no exit wounds," and "no fragments were found in the room."
Krisanne Vaillancourt Murphy, the executive director of the Catholic Mobilizing Network, told CNA the reports suggest the "execution was botched, causing a very painful death." She said "this is a reminder that every execution — regardless of the method or the procedures that take place — is a violent act that disregards the dignity of life."
"This year, multiple states have instituted new execution methods including the firing squad — like in the case of Mr. Mahdi — and the newly developed method of nitrogen gas suffocation," Murphy added.
"It's hard not to look at these methods and think, 'How did we get here?' And how does our society think this inhumanity is somehow acceptable?" she said. "The reality is, those are the questions we should ask ourselves each time there is an execution, because the death penalty is contrary to human dignity and an affront to the sanctity of life."
"The outrage we feel toward these execution methods is a reminder that over time, the system of capital punishment has become all the more deceptive to make executions appear more palatable, sterile, and 'humane,'" Murphy continued. "But executions are never any of these things. Whether someone is shot, electrocuted, injected, or gassed each and every execution extinguishes a God-given life with inherent dignity and worth. Each and every execution is a blatant act of state-sanctioned violence."
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