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"In talking to my pastors, it became crystal clear that there really is a crisis right now regarding mental health and emotional well-being, and in a special way for young people," Bishop Michael Burbidge of the Diocese of Arlington, Virginia, told EWTN News in an interview discussing a pastoral letter he issued recently.

"The scale and scope of this crisis are staggering," he said in the letter titled "The Divine Physician and a Christian Approach to Mental Health and Wellbeing." Burbidge explained that he hopes "to offer encouragement and guidance, in light of the teachings of Christ and the Gospel, to all who wish to confront and overcome the modern world's challenges to mental health and well-being."

With depression now the leading cause of disability worldwide, and 1 in 5 American adults experiencing mental health challenges each year, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, which the bishop cites in his letter, Burbidge told EWTN News that "there's a real pastoral need for mental health counseling, and my pastors told me they don't have the expertise" that many families need.

The importance of counselors with a Christian perspective

Many Catholic parents and couples seek out counseling, he said, but often the counseling "isn't coming from a Christian or Catholic understanding of the world, where persons are oriented to God and to authentic human relationships and the development of virtue."

Understanding the world through the lens of faith is "the crucial factor — even in circumstances where such faithfulness seems in the eyes of the wider world to be desperate, foolish, or even absurd. Faith and trust in God are shown to be the keys to everlasting health and well-being for humanity," Burbidge wrote in his letter.

Faith, he told EWTN News, "helps us to get a glimpse of heaven even now … If that's not a part of the counseling being provided, it won't bring about the healing we're seeking."

Regarding efforts in his diocese, the bishop told EWTN News he formed a mental health commission about a year ago, on which sit experts in psychology, theology, and mental health counseling.

He said with the commission's help, he hopes to soon issue an extensive list of counselors who have been vetted and recommended for the Catholic faithful in his diocese.

Father Charles Sikorsky, LC, the president of Divine Mercy University, a Catholic school that offers graduate degrees in psychology and clinical mental health and whose graduates work in various capacities in the Diocese of Arlington, told EWTN News that psychology cannot be addressed properly without a "a Christian view, a Catholic view of the person."

"We're incarnational beings," Sikorsky said, "so we need to address the human but also the spiritual dimension of the person, who needs to be treated in a holistic way."

"The word psyche comes from Greek and means soul," he continued," so psychology is the science of the soul, and Christ is the divine physician. Any way of looking at or treating people that doesn't include the entirety of the interior, spiritual life is not going to work. If you reduce a human person to just biology or experiences, it's not going to work."

Lack of community the 'culprit' in the crisis

In his letter, Burbidge named a lack of community as a culprit in the mental health crisis.

"We must be willing to connect with others. We are made for community and find purpose when given the chance to cultivate authentic relationships with others and practice virtues like compassion," he wrote.

"As people of faith, Christians have a particular responsibility to address the stigmas that prevent people from seeking help and to remove barriers that keep so many stuck in patterns of isolation and misery," he wrote.

Burbidge told EWTN News about community-building initiatives that leaders in his diocese have begun, especially since the isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic.

"People learned quickly from COVID that being isolated, not being part of a caring fellowship, was a detriment to their growth and affected mental health," he said.

He described an increase in new programs throughout the Diocese of Arlington such as Bible studies, lectures, and programs such as That Man is You, a Catholic men's leadership program.

Sikorsky also cited a lack of connection and loneliness that are particularly prevalent in a society rife with "marriage and family breakdown" and in which technology separates people.

"So many people are afraid to say they need help," he said. "If the Church is what it needs to be and should be, it will be a place to experience a sense of belonging to something higher, where people can come to be loved and to be understood."

'Suffering can be the cross' that leads us to holiness

The bishop said that in addition to being in communion with others, those suffering from mental health problems must also realize they are beloved children of God, and their "severe distress, depression, or whatever it is, does not define who you are."

"You're a child of God — that never changes," Burbidge said. "Don't identify yourself with that suffering."

"You don't necessarily need to run away from the suffering, however," he continued. "That could be the cross that can lead you to holiness. It doesn't have to completely disappear for you to be well. Maybe you can get help, and still live a healthy, balanced life living with the anxiety or whatever it is you're struggling with. If it causes a little suffering, it can be united to the Lord's, and you can see it as a path to holiness."

Sikorsky echoed the bishop, telling EWTN News: "Our dignity is rooted in being children of God. Your dignity is much more than your struggle or the difficulties that you've had."

Burbidge is the latest American Catholic bishop to draw attention to the widening mental health crisis in the United States. In 2025, ahead of World Mental Health Day in October, the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) announced an addition to its ongoing National Catholic Mental Health Campaign.

"As pastors, we want to emphasize this point to anyone who is suffering from mental illness or facing mental health challenges: Nobody and nothing can alter or diminish your God-given dignity. You are a beloved child of God, a God of healing and hope," the U.S. bishops said at the time.

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The Vatican has published the schedule of liturgies that Pope Leo XIV will celebrate in February, March, and the beginning of April, a period that includes the start of Lent and the preparation for Holy Week and Easter.

According to the calendar published by the Office of Liturgical Celebrations, the pontiff will begin his pastoral visits to various churches in Rome on Feb. 15, when he will celebrate Mass at Holy Mary Queen of Peace Parish, located near the beach in Ostia Lido.

With this initiative, Leo XIV begins a tour of five parishes in Rome — one for each pastoral sector — to strengthen his connection with the diocese of which he is bishop.

Ash Wednesday

On Feb. 18, Ash Wednesday, the pope will preside over a penitential procession from St. Anselm Church followed by Mass with the blessing and imposition of ashes in St. Sabina Basilica on Aventine Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome. This tradition dates back to Pope Gregory the Great, shortly after the construction of the basilica in 422, thus marking the beginning of the Lenten season.

On Sunday, Feb. 22, Pope Leo XIV will visit Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish in the Roman neighborhood of Castro Pretorio, near the Termini train station, where he will celebrate morning Mass. In the afternoon, the spiritual exercises for the Holy Father and the Roman Curia will begin, continuing until Feb. 27.

These meditations will take place in the Apostolic Palace, as confirmed by the Vatican. Under Pope Francis' pontificate, this practice changed and was moved to the House of the Divine Master, a secluded and quiet convent located in the town of Ariccia about 28 miles from Rome.

Previously, these reflections took place in the Redemptoris Mater Chapel, a space that allowed numerous prelates to attend and made it easy for the pope and his secretaries to follow the meditations from a side area next to the altar.

The Vatican has not specified whether the spiritual exercises will take place in the Redemptoris Mater Chapel or in the Pauline Chapel, dedicated to Sts. Peter and Paul, which was conceived as a small palace chapel in contrast to the Sistine Chapel and has historically been linked to the reservation of the Blessed Sacrament and the pope's private prayer.

The latter is not usually open to the public and, during the conclave, it was the starting point for the procession of the cardinal electors to the Sistine Chapel. It was also the place where Leo XIV stopped to pray just after being elected successor of Peter.

Pastoral visits to various churches in Rome

During the month of March, the pope will continue his pastoral visits to parishes in Rome, visiting Ascension of Our Lord Jesus Christ Parish on March 1, where he will celebrate Mass in the afternoon. The following week, on March 8, he will visit Holy Mary of the Presentation Parish to celebrate a 5 p.m. Mass. Finally, on March 15, Leo XIV will visit Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish in Ponte Mammolo, celebrating Mass there as well.

Holy Week

His schedule of commitments for Holy Week, one of the busiest periods for the pontiff, will begin with the celebration of Palm Sunday in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican in the morning, commemorating Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem.

On Holy Thursday, April 2, Leo XIV will celebrate the chrism Mass in St. Peter's Basilica at 9:30 a.m. local time in the presence of all the priests of Rome.

In the afternoon, the pontiff will go to St. John Lateran Basilica, the cathedral of the bishop of Rome, to celebrate the Mass of the Lord's Supper.

Leo XIV thus revives this historical tradition after Pope Francis had chosen for 12 years to celebrate the Mass of the Lord's Supper in other places marked by suffering, such as prisons or immigrant centers.

The following day, Good Friday, the pontiff will preside over the service for the Lord's Passion in St. Peter's Basilica at 5 p.m. local time, and in the evening at 9:15 p.m., he will lead the traditional 14 Stations of the Cross at the Colosseum that commemorate Jesus' passion, from his being condemned death to his burial, in one of the most widely followed ceremonies by the faithful in Rome.

This tradition also commemorates the persecution suffered by the early Christians under the Roman Empire and is usually led from a platform set up in the open air on Palatine Hill.

On Holy Saturday, April 4, the pope will celebrate the Easter Vigil, which will take place in the atrium of St. Peter's Basilica with the brief ceremony of the lighting of the fire and blessing of the paschal candle. In previous years, Pope Francis usually baptized and gave first Communion to a group of adults, although whether Pope Leo will do the same has not yet been confirmed by the Vatican.

The pontiff's Holy Week will conclude on Easter Sunday, April 5, with the celebration of Mass in St. Peter's Square followed by the lengthy Easter discourse and the urbi et orbi ("to the city and the world") blessing from the central balcony of the basilica, praying for peace in the world.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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A week of spiritual exercises for Pope Leo XIV and the Roman Curia at the start of Lent will take on a distinctly monastic character, with the retreat returning to the Apostolic Palace but relocating to the Renaissance-era Pauline Chapel, decorated with frescoes by Michelangelo.

In previous years, the retreat was held in the palace's Redemptoris Mater Chapel, known for mosaics associated with Father Marko Rupnik, who has been accused of sexual and spiritual abuse.

The preacher for the exercises will be Archbishop Erik Varden of Trondheim, a Cistercian of the Strict Observance (Trappist). A Norwegian who was baptized as a Lutheran by nonpracticing parents, Varden studied at Cambridge and later converted to Catholicism, a change he has linked to the inspiration of music. He has served as bishop of the Diocese of Trondheim since 2020.

"It is a responsible task. I hope, in one way or another, to be of service," Varden told EWTN News.

A prolific author of spiritual books, Varden will offer two meditations a day. The first is scheduled for Sunday, Feb. 22, at 5 p.m. Thereafter, each morning begins at 9 a.m. with the Liturgy of the Hours, and another meditation follows at 5 p.m. The final session will be on Friday, Feb. 27, concluding with afternoon Eucharistic adoration.

The theme of the retreat is "Illuminated by a Hidden Glory, a Lenten Itinerary," centered on the figure of St. Bernard — described as both idealist and realist — and will also include reflections on the angels of God.

Pål Johannes Nes contributed to this report.

This story was first published by ACI Stampa, the Italian-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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Some Catholic colleges ranked among the best for pro-life support for women, while others were among the worst for their ties to abortion clinics, a recent report found.

In an audit of more than 700 Christian colleges and universities, the Christian Schools Project found that 1 in 7 Christian colleges referred students to Planned Parenthood for health care or future jobs, among other pro-abortion "infractions."

The report by Demetree, a branch of Students for Life of America (SFLA), called the Catholic connection to the abortion industry "shocking."

"Most shockingly, a portion of Catholic schools have forsaken their Christian values," the report read, citing the Catechism of the Catholic Church's teaching on abortion.

One in 10 Catholic colleges had ties to abortion clinics, and about 25% of all the infractions were by Catholic universities.

"Despite this, Catholic schools also had 24 'A+' schools: the most of any denomination," the report continued.

The lowest grade an institution could receive was an "F" and the highest an "A+."

Among the Catholic schools receiving an "F" was Villanova University in Pennsylvania — Pope Leo's alma mater, where he was known for his involvement in the pro-life club in his days at the university.

Other Catholic schools that received a "F" included Boston College in Massachusetts; Carroll College in Montana; Loyola Marymount University in California; Sacred Heart University in Connecticut; Santa Clara University in California; Seattle University in Washington; St. Catherine University in Minnesota; University of Detroit Mercy in Michigan; and University of San Diego in California.

Catholic colleges that received a "D" grade included Mount Saint Mary's University in California; Saint Louis University in Missouri; and St. John Fisher University in New York.

Paradoxically, Catholic colleges were also among the best schools for pro-life values and made up more than half of the top 10 best schools in the report.

These schools don't just avoid ties to Planned Parenthood but provide pregnancy support for student mothers in need.

The schools that lead

At the center of campus at Benedictine College in Atchison, Kansas, sits a statue of an angel holding a child.

Installed in 2017, the Memorial to the Unborn is one of the "unique" aspects of pro-life culture on Benedictine's campus, according to spokesman Steve Johnson.

Each year, busloads of students travel to Washington, D.C., for the March for Life. But before they leave, they place roses before the memorial.

The student-led pro-life group, Ravens Respect Life, is a "major player" for the culture on campus, according to Johnson. The club helps fundraise for the local pro-life pregnancy resource center, while the campus ministry service team organizes volunteering.

The pro-life culture is woven into classes as well, according to Johnson.

"We have a pro-life School of Nursing and our graduates take that position out into the world and the hospitals and clinics at which they work," he said.

The school is also looking to further expand its pro-life medical education.

"We are in the process of opening a proposed School of Osteopathic medicine," Johnson said. "This new school will be the most pro-life medical school in the country and will focus on treating the whole person as a human being and not just treating the ailment."

At the University of Mary in North Dakota, a young woman carrying a toddler crossed the stage at graduation, shaking hands with the president, Monsignor James Shea, who gave the beloved baby Lucia a kiss on the cheek.

Katie O'Meara (Chihoski) is one of several students who have received the support they need to complete their education as part of the university's recently-launched maternity home program, the St. Teresa of Calcutta Community for Mothers, at the University of Mary.

Per a Jan. 27 announcement, the university has plans for a new residence hall following record enrollment, including a dedicated wing of the future hall for the maternity home.

At UMary, motherhood doesn't have to compete with education.

"This St. Teresa of Calcutta Community for Mothers is a concrete expression of the University of Mary's commitment to building a culture of life," Vice President for Student Development Reed Ruggles told EWTN News. "It ensures that motherhood and higher education are not competing paths but complementary vocations."

As for the March for Life, "we treat it like a pilgrimage," said Ed Konieczka, assistant director of University Ministry at the college.

The university sends hundreds of students each year and even provides scholarships to help with the cost.

Father Dominic Bouck, the University of Mary chaplain and director of University Ministry, told EWTN News that it comes down to formation.

"The University of Mary forms its students for the whole of their lives so that they can learn to live well, then take this formation into their communities after graduation," Bouck said. "We form them to be servant leaders so that they can go out and serve generously to all who need aid. We teach them the sanctity of human life through the Benedictine value of respect for persons and teach them to form community wherever they are at."

"As a Christian, Catholic, and Benedictine institution, the sanctity of human life is core to our beliefs, and we are not afraid to show that in our mission," he continued.

Belmont Abbey College, which also ranked in the top 10, has its own maternity home, MiraVia, as previously reported by EWTN News.

Why Christian Schools Project?

Though schools like Benedictine, University of Mary, and others stand out for their pro-life work, the report found that many colleges fall short of their Christian values. Project leaders call on readers to reach out to colleges and encourage them to live out these values.

"It's simple: Either stop promoting abortion or stop claiming to be Christian," said SFLA spokeswoman Mary Mobley.

Over the years of doing Christian Schools Project, researchers have seen growth. Since 2024, "56 infractions have been remedied" thanks to the project, according to organizers.

"For some schools, they may be unaware of their ties to abortion," Mobley told EWTN News. "This report offers a chance for them to cut those ties — and to reaffirm their support for life by promoting pro-life resources."

But the project is about more than just cutting ties with abortion providers.

"Being pro-life doesn't just mean being anti-abortion; it means coming alongside women and supporting them, providing them with the resources they need to choose life," Mobley said.

"Humans are made in the image of God, and because of that, they have inherent value and worth — and their lives cannot be disposed of for the convenience of others," Mobley continued.

"It's vital that Christian schools come alongside pregnant and parenting women, showing them that they are valued, loved, and supported — offering them the resources they need to choose life," Mobley said.

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Pope Leo XIV warned Wednesday of the grave danger of a "new global arms race" as the New START nuclear weapons treaty between the United States and Russia reached its expiration, urging world leaders not to allow the agreement to lapse without a credible and effective alternative.

Speaking at the conclusion of his general audience at the Vatican, the pope recalled that the treaty — signed in 2010 by then-U.S. President Barack Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev — represented a significant step in limiting the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

"Tomorrow the New START treaty reaches its expiration," the pope said, noting that the agreement had helped contain strategic nuclear arsenals and strengthen international security. He called for "every constructive effort in favor of disarmament and mutual trust," insisting that the current international climate demands urgent action to prevent escalation.

The pope stressed that the world must abandon "the logic of fear and distrust" and instead embrace "a shared ethic capable of guiding decisions toward the common good and making peace a heritage safeguarded by all."

Without a replacement framework, he warned, the end of New START opens a period of growing uncertainty, raising alarms across the international community about the weakening of nuclear arms control mechanisms.

Prayers for Ukraine amid winter hardship

During the same audience, the pope also renewed his appeal for prayers for the people of Ukraine, who he said are being "harshly tested" by continued Russian bombardments, including attacks on energy infrastructure during the winter months.

Citing reports of severe cold and widespread shortages of electricity, heating, and water, he urged the faithful not to forget the suffering of civilians, particularly children, the elderly, and the most vulnerable. The pope expressed gratitude for solidarity initiatives organized by Catholic dioceses in Poland and other countries assisting the Ukrainian population.

Evangelization must speak to real lives

Earlier in his catechesis, Pope Leo XIV reflected on the Church's mission of evangelization, cautioning against the use of language that is "incomprehensible, poorly communicative, or anachronistic," which he said renders the proclamation of the Gospel ineffective.

When the Word of God becomes detached from the concrete lives, hopes, and sufferings of people, he explained, it loses its power to reach hearts. The pope encouraged the Church to adopt "creative methods" that allow the Gospel to take flesh in history.

Continuing his catechetical series on "Dei Verbum," the Second Vatican Council's constitution on divine revelation, the pope described Sacred Scripture as a "privileged space of encounter" where God continues to speak to men and women of every age.

He warned against both fundamentalist readings that ignore the human authors of Scripture and purely technical interpretations that deny its divine origin, emphasizing that a correct understanding must hold both dimensions together.

"The Gospel cannot be reduced to a merely philanthropic or social message," the pope said. "It is the joyful proclamation of the fullness of life and eternal life that God has given us in Jesus."

This story was first published in two parts by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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In a decree by a Wisconsin bishop on Friday, the Catholic Church officially opened the cause for sainthood of a Belgian immigrant who had visions of the Blessed Mother.

Adele Brice (1831–1896) couldn't read or write, but she traveled the countryside of Wisconsin on foot teaching children and families about God. Brice is most well known for three apparitions she had, which are the only approved Marian apparitions to have happened in the United States.

Last year, more than 200,000 pilgrims visited the shrine to Our Lady of Champion in Wisconsin, Father Anthony Stephens, the Father of Mercy who serves as a rector of the shrine, told EWTN News.

From the time Brice first received holy Communion as a young girl in Belgium, she felt a calling to religious life. But when her family decided to immigrate to the United States, she went with them, trusting her parish priest who encouraged her to go.

She would never become a religious sister, "but she remained faithful to that fundamental calling," said Bishop David Ricken of Green Bay, Wisconsin, who promulgated the decree on Jan. 30.

"What moves me particularly about her is perseverance," added Father John Girotti, the vicar general and moderator of the curia for the Diocese of Green Bay. "She moved to this country with her parents when she was in her 20s. She didn't necessarily want to come, but she came out of respect for her mom and her dad."

Brice was also blind in one eye because of a childhood injury.

"She had her faith. She loved God. And she persevered," Girotti continued. "Her faith allowed her to move mountains, as Jesus says. And she did. She did great things. She was open to God's will in her life."

In her visions, Mary called her to catechize children, so Brice gave her life to the vocation of education. She wore a habit but was never consecrated as a religious sister. Instead, as a laywoman, she dedicated her life to teaching children the Catholic faith.

"As soon as she experienced the Blessed Virgin Mary speaking to her, her life was transformed and she went immediately away and for the rest of her life [was] teaching children, caring for children, preaching the Gospel without letting up, often with great poverty, with fire, with famine, with poverty, but with enormous faith," Girotti said. "She kept going. And I think that's a powerful witness to us today to keep the faith and to share it."

After building a chapel and a school in the area where Our Lady appeared, the community would experience a night that Stephens described as "like the Battle of Jericho."

In 1871, as a fire closed in around the property, Brice and others in the community came to pray.

"They just prayed the perimeter of the property where they had a fence set up and the fire burned up to the fence, but it burned around the chapel itself," Stephens said. "The chapel and the school were spared, and it rained the next morning."

Stephens called the shrine "a prayerful place."

Visitors range from devout Catholics to non-Catholics to people who have been away from the Church for a while, and Stephens said he hears lots of "very sincere confessions."

The shrine has seen "little physical healings" and "moral healings," Stephens said, including one woman who was cured after 15 years of painful migraines.

An American saint

As the 250th birthday of the United States approaches, Stephens said it is "really exciting for an American to become a Servant of God."

"Our Catholic identity should form how we live as Americans, and they can very much go together," Stephens said. "And so this is an exciting thing to have one of our fellow countrymen recognized as one who loved God radically and tried to live heroic virtue. We should try to imitate her so that we can live well as Americans."

Ricken said he hopes this is part of a move toward uncovering more American saints. He noted that Pope Benedict XVI had urged the Church in the U.S. to begin the process of investigating sainthood causes.

"We knew that there had to be saints here, but we hadn't, as a Church in the United States, taken the initiative to really take this adventure and go into it," Ricken said.

The prayerful event announcing her cause drew lots of young families, according to Ricken.

"It was so beautiful to see all the young families here," Ricken said at a press event after the decree. "I thought that was tremendous, especially since Adele was all about children."

"[The] Blessed Mother told her to go out to this wild country and teach the children what is necessary for the faith," Ricken said. "And she's still doing that, obviously, because it happened tonight where all these young children and families came."

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The history of astronomy's most famous comet may need to be revised. New research suggests that six centuries before astronomer Edmond Halley scientifically described in 1705 the periodic appearance of the comet that now bears his name, another person had already understood that it was the same celestial object observed at different times.

It cannot be said, strictly speaking, that Halley was the discoverer of this comet. The British scientist himself acknowledged that he had relied on previous historical records for his conclusions. In any case, he was the first to demonstrate, using the scientific method, that the appearances of 1531, 1607, and 1682 were of a single celestial body that returned periodically, approximately every 76 years.

That deduction marked a milestone in the history of science and contributed decisively to dispelling the view that comets were supernatural omens.

English monk who saw comet 600 years before Halley

However, a recent study suggests that this insight about the recurrence of the phenomenon was already present, in embryonic form, in medieval Europe — specifically, thanks to an English monk who lived in the late 10th and early 11th centuries.

The study, carried out by astrophysicist Simon Portegies Zwart and historian Martin Lewis, identifies Eilmer of Malmesbury — also known as Æthelmær or Oliver of Malmesbury — as a possible previous observer. He was a Benedictine monk who is believed to have seen the comet on two separate occasions, almost eight decades apart, in the years 989 and 1066.

The results are published in the volume "Dorestad and Everything After: Ports, Townscapes & Travellers in Europe, 800-1100," a work dedicated to knowledge and travel in medieval Europe.

According to the authors, Eilmer may have recognized in 1066 the same celestial body he had seen in his youth, an exceptional deduction for his time, based on personal memory and his noting the comet's reappearance over a period of time that was unusual in the Middle Ages.

Comet appeared in the sky in 1066

The appearance of the comet in 1066 is widely documented. It was observed for more than two months in China, where imperial astronomers accurately recorded its trajectory and brightness.

It reached its maximum brilliance on April 22 and, shortly afterward, became visible in the skies of northwestern Europe. Its image was immortalized in the Bayeux Tapestry, the oldest known representation of the phenomenon, woven into that visual narrative of the Norman conquest of England.

The event coincided with the turbulent reign of Harold II, which ended with the defeat of the English at the Battle of Hastings in October of that same year. In the medieval mindset, celestial phenomena were almost always interpreted as omens of impending calamities — wars, epidemics, or the downfall of rulers — and the comet was no exception.

By analyzing Latin and Anglo-Saxon chronicles, researchers have identified up to five supposed appearances of the comet between the late 10th and 11th centuries. In some cases, they point out, it is difficult to separate actual astronomical observation from later symbolic interpretation. A supposed sighting in the year 995, retrospectively linked to the death of Archbishop Sigeric of Canterbury, may be more of a narrative construct with a moral purpose than a verifiable astronomical event.

According to the chronicler William of Malmesbury, one of the most reliable sources from medieval England, Eilmer was already an old man when he saw the comet again in 1066 and identified it as the same one he had observed as a child.

True to the worldview of his time, he interpreted the phenomenon as a dire omen for the kingdom, combining natural observation with warnings of a moral and political nature.

In light of this information, the authors of the study suggest reconsidering, at least from a historical point of view, the exclusive attribution of the discovery to Halley.

Without diminishing the achievements of the 18th-century astronomer, Portegies Zwart emphasized that Eilmer's observation constitutes an early example of astronomical reasoning based on direct experience. "This interdisciplinary approach, combining astronomy, history, and philology, can help us discover that other periodic phenomena were already recognized before the modern era," the researcher notes.

Halley's Comet will be visible again

The year 2061 is when Halley's Comet is next expected to be visible from Earth. In its elliptical orbit, it approaches the sun to within 0.59 astronomical units and moves away to about 36 astronomical units, beyond the orbit of the planet Neptune, completing its journey in approximately 76 years.

When it returns, it will evoke not only the name of Edmond Halley but also that of a medieval monk who, centuries earlier, recognized that this celestial visitor had already passed by before.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.

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Pope Leo XIV has appointed Bishop Stanislav Pribyl of Litomerice as the new archbishop of Prague, selecting a prelate known for championing reconciliation between ethnic Germans and Czechs to lead the Czech capital's historic archdiocese.

The 54-year-old Redemptorist returns to his hometown to succeed Archbishop Jan Graubner, who submitted his resignation upon reaching the canonical retirement age of 75. The Vatican announced the appointment Feb. 2, and Pribyl will be installed April 25.

The newly appointed archbishop said his priority is reconciliation and overcoming polarization within the Church and society.

"It is not only a matter of the Church and only of the Prague Archdiocese," Pribyl said in an interview following his appointment. "It often seems that when we come across an idea, we first examine who said or wrote it and then evaluate the content accordingly. Everything is too ad hominem."

Pribyl's episcopal motto is "Pax vobis" — "Peace to you." He said he wants to be a "shepherd who listens, encourages, and connects as a sign of this peace."

The prelate recently declared a Year of Reconciliation in his Diocese of Litomerice marking 80 years since the expulsion of millions of ethnic Germans from Czechoslovakia following World War II.

Addressing contemporary divisions, Pribyl warned that society is influenced by "the algorithms of social networks" where friendship has become "a completely different concept than true friendship between people."

"Christ is above all bubbles and interest groups, and only in him can we truly be one," the bishop said, echoing Pope Leo XIV's papal motto "In illo uno unum" — "In the One, we are one."

Pribyl said the synodal process can help Catholics "talk to each other and listen more" and noted that "where the word fails because we are experiencing an inflation of information, there is also a very powerful act of love."

The newly appointed archbishop sees Catholic faith becoming attractive across Western Europe. "In the Litomerice Diocese, we are seeing more adult baptisms and vocations in which personal testimony and the authenticity of our relationship with Christ are very important, as well as the living environment in the Church," he said.

Born Nov. 16, 1971, in Prague, Pribyl was ordained a priest in 1996 and appointed bishop of Litomerice by Pope Francis on Dec. 23, 2023.

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A Westchester County, New York, jury awarded $2 million to Fox Varian, a woman who "no longer thinks of herself as a male" who underwent a double mastectomy six years ago at age 16 in what is believed to be the first U.S. malpractice case of its kind to reach a trial verdict.

The jury found a psychologist and a plastic surgeon liable for medical malpractice in performing and supporting the 2019 breast removal surgery on Varian in order to treat gender dysphoria. The award includes $1.6 million for past and future pain and suffering and $400,000 for future medical expenses, according to the Epoch Times.

Varian's lawyers said she no longer thinks of herself as a male and said she sued claiming psychologist Kenneth Einhorn and surgeon Simon Chin failed to meet the standard of care through inadequate psychological evaluation, poor communication between the professionals, and insufficient screening before proceeding with the irreversible procedure.

The case centered on whether the medical team properly assessed her mental health and readiness for "gender-affirming surgery," marking a significant development in the growing number of such lawsuits in the U.S.

Varian's legal team argued that the surgery caused lasting physical and psychological harm, including complications from the procedure and ongoing emotional distress.

According to a statement from her lawyers, "any medical provider who departs from accepted medical standards, regardless of the context of the treatment, should be held accountable in a court of law for the injuries that result."

"This case was not a statement or referendum on the appropriateness of gender-affirming care for adults or minors. Instead, it was about whether physicians adhered to their professional and ethical obligations when providing that care to Fox," the statement continued.

The defendants maintained that the care provided followed accepted medical standards at the time and that Varian had given informed consent. The jury, however, sided with the plaintiff.

Dr. Alfonso Oliva, a board-certified plastic and reconstructive surgeon not involved with the Varian case and a board member at the Catholic Medical Association, told EWTN News that "patients are often not given full information of the risks associated with medical transitions," citing the "very high complication rates" of the surgical transitioning of adolescents and adults.

He said inversion penile vaginoplasty, where male genitalia are transferred to mimic female genitalia, has a 70% complication rate, "a very high number for any procedure, and yet it's tolerated as a norm."

The risk of complications for women who undergo surgery to mimic male genitalia "is 35-40%, which is also very high," Oliva said.

He continued: "There's not full disclosure by medical professionals of what happens to these children after these surgeries. They will likely become sterile, they are highly likely to have sexual dysfunction, especially young boys, many of whom won't have sexual function or the ability to orgasm in the future."

"These are not reversible interventions. Normal brain development, which is not completed until 25, is interrupted through hormone therapy. Problems such as obesity and diabetes, and problems with the skeletal system, which will not develop as it should, are not discussed during medical evaluations. Nor is there a significant psychiatric evaluation of these children, who are suffering, but we don't get to the bottom of the suffering," he said.

Oliva said there is extensive scientific research showing the harms of such interventions on youth, including the 2024 Cass Review, an independent investigation into gender identity services for children and young people commissioned by the National Health Service in the United Kingdom.

The review concluded that the evidence base for the medical procedures, including puberty blockers and hormone treatments, is "remarkably weak."

A Swedish study that measured long-term outcomes of people who underwent sex reassignment surgery showed considerably higher risks than the general population for mortality, suicidal behavior, and psychiatric problems.

"Their risk of suicide 10 years after transgender surgery was found to be 19 times that of the general population," Oliva said of the Swedish study. "If we wait for the initial euphoria after surgery subsides, and we evaluate suicide rates, we see that the surgery itself did not improve the psychological well-being of these patients."

The surgeon said parents are coerced into assenting to the medical treatments because they are "fed the idea that their child will commit suicide if they are not allowed to transition," and this is "not the truth."

Statutes of limitations, statutory caps on damages must be increased, lawyer says

Oliva said the statute of limitations for bringing medical malpractice suits must be extended nationwide. He said it is "only three years" in his home state of Washington.

"In many cases, these young adults don't realize that they made a big mistake until years afterward," he explained.

While New York state does not impose a statutory cap on damages in medical malpractice cases, with no limit on either economic damages or noneconomic damages (e.g., pain and suffering), Marcella Burke, a Houston-based attorney, told EWTN News that "existing statutory caps on medical malpractice damages … are insufficient in most states to provide meaningful compensation to children harmed and insufficient deterrence to the medical establishments and practitioners who perform these procedures."

Burke represents Dr. Eithan Haim in a case against Texas Children's Hospital, which was allegedly performing transgender procedures on children despite a state law prohibiting it.

"I have seen firsthand the profound physical, psychological, and emotional injuries these interventions can cause," she said. "In most states, outdated statutory caps on noneconomic damages in medical malpractice cases — there is a $250,000 cap in Texas — fail to reflect the gravity of these lifelong consequences for children who were too young to give truly informed consent."

"These caps were designed for typical medical errors, not for cases involving irreversible procedures pushed on vulnerable minors amid ideological pressures rather than rigorous, evidence-based standards of care," she said.

"To ensure real accountability and adequate compensation for what has been done to these children, state legislatures must raise or eliminate these caps in a narrowly tailored way for claims arising specifically from gender transition procedures on minors, allowing juries to award damages commensurate with the devastating, long-term harm inflicted."

The surgeon also said that what is needed are clinics that have plastic surgeons, psychiatrists, endocrinologists, and other medical professionals available to help the "tens of thousands" of patients detransition.

"Once they realize, 'Oh my goodness, maybe I made a big mistake,' there's nobody to take care of them medically right now. They're persona non grata at their clinic; looked down on as a failure by their community. They don't know how to get off the hormones, or what to do about surgical problems. No one is really taking care of them," he said.

Several other such lawsuits are pending across the country, though most remain in early stages or have settled out of court.

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Federal officials are investigating after a Los Angeles-area Catholic school was targeted in a major act of vandalism that included the beheading of a statue of the Blessed Mother.

Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights Harmeet Dhillon said on X on Feb. 2 that the Department of Justice's civil rights division "will open an investigation into [the] awful crime" against Holy Innocents Catholic School in Long Beach.

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Cyril Cruz, the principal of the school, told EWTN News that she came into the school early on the morning of Feb. 2 and discovered the vandalism in the hall where the school holds Mass.

"Our statue of the Virgin Mary was smashed, and the tabernacle was removed and thrown to the floor in an apparent attempt to force it open," she said. "The atrium lovingly prepared by the Carmelite Sisters for our scholars was completely destroyed."

"Audio equipment and lighting were ripped from the walls, speakers and instruments loaded onto carts, and the missals our students use daily were soaked and ruined."

Photos shared with EWTN News showed the vandalization in multiple rooms, including the destroyed statue, overturned shelves, scattered papers and Mass materials, and other scenes of destruction.

Cruz said Los Angeles Auxiliary Bishop Marc Trudeau was scheduled to hold a reparation Mass at the school on Feb. 3.

The pastor of Holy Innocents Catholic Church and School, Father Peter Irving, was also scheduled to lead a Eucharistic procession around the school "as we entrust our community to Christ and respond with prayer, faith, and hope."

Irving told EWTN News that the community was "very sad," though they were "very grateful" that the Blessed Sacrament was "not violated," he said.

"The tabernacle was not breached although it was left damaged," he said. "Investigators said that this was the worst desecration that they have seen."

The vandalism has received national media coverage. A GoFundMe campaign, meanwhile, had raised nearly $76,000 by the morning of Feb. 3.

That campaign said Trudeau described the incident as "the worst case of vandalism that he's ever seen in the region."

Still, Cruz said, amid the destruction, "our community came together — scholars, families, and Knights of Columbus — to clean, restore, and prepare the hall so that Mass could once again be celebrated."

"Yesterday, our school community gathered in prayer to pray the rosary for healing and also for the conversion and mercy for those who committed this act," she added.

"We are grateful no one was physically harmed, and we are responding as a faith community with prayer, reparation, and trust in Christ," she said.

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