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Carmelite Father Craig Morrison speaks on a panel about Jewish-Catholic relations at The Catholic University of America on Nov. 11, 2025. / Credit: Madalaine Elhabbal/CNA

Washington, D.C., Nov 12, 2025 / 12:45 pm (CNA).

Nostra Aetate, the Church's declaration on building relationships with non-Christian religions,  "planted a seed" that must continue to be nourished, according to panelists reflecting on the document's legacy at The Catholic University of America on Nov. 11.

At the event, titled "The Church and the Jewish Community in Our Age," Bishop Étienne Vetö, ICN, auxiliary bishop of Reims, France, and Rabbi Noam Marans, director of interreligious affairs for the American Jewish Committee, discussed the state of Catholic-Jewish relations as well as shared practices and difference. 

"Even though Nostra Aetate is one of the shortest, if not the shortest document of Vatican II, it has had a powerful impact," Vetö said. "A Jew or a Christian from the first half [of] the 20th century who traveled in time to 2025 would find unbelievable the quality of dialogue, understanding, and trust that is now growing between the two communities."

Rebecca Cohen, program and research specialist for the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops' Secretariat of Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs, agreed, saying Nostra Aetate produced a "seismic shift in Christian understanding" of Judaism that was revolutionary for its time in 1965. 

Nostra Aetate contains a paragraph on Judaism that centers on the biblical roots and shared history with Christianity rather than the Judaism of today. It sowed the beginnings of something that needs nurturing, Cohen said. 

Carmelite Father Craig Morrison, director of the Center for Carmelite Studies and professor of biblical studies, said Nostra Aetate "launched new possibilities for a relationship between Catholics and Jews."

"No longer was this relationship to be triumphal, Catholics telling Jews who they are, what they believe, and how they kill God, Jesus," he said, adding: "Western Christianity kept the Jews mostly silent for centuries."

Today, he continued, "our present task on the Catholic side is not so much as dialogue but rather to listen to the Jews for the first time in our shared history."

"Our Gospels are a part of Jewish documents and cannot be properly understood apart from the Judaism of the late Second Temple period," he said.

Ultimately, Craig said, "we know that a better understanding of the concerns of first-century Jews will illuminate the Gospels and significantly reduce the risk of anti-Jewish preaching. Then we will hear Jesus speaking within the first-century Jewish world in which he was incarnated." 

Marans reflected on the legacy of Nostra Aetate for Jewish people, saying that prior to the document's publication, the Jewish people viewed Christianity "as a threat." Conversely, he said, Nostra Aetate was a "gift for Christians" because it meant "Christianity no longer needed to self-define in opposition to the other." 

At the end of the day, Marans said, "Nostra Aetate was not perfect, but it was good [and] has been perfected over time." 

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